Mihray Abdilim Abral
1. Haywanatlar Baghchisida
Érpan tesewwurgha ajayip bay bala bolup , kichikidinla ajayip ishlarni oylaytti w'e balilarche chüchük tilliri bilen özi oylap yételmigen ishlarning sewebini apisidin sorap biliwélishqa tirishatti. Mana u 5 yashqa kirgendin buyan momisigha hemra bolup her küni axshimi mom'isining öyide qonidighan boldi . Shundin buyan u özi oylap yételmigen ishlarning sewebini momisidin sorap biliwalidighan boldi, elwette chöchekchi momisidin aj'ayip güzel chöcheklerni angliyalaydighan boldi. Mana emdi bu chöcheklerni chüs'hide qayta körüshke bashlidi , bezide momisi éytqan chöcheklerdiki menzirilerni, chöchek qehrimanlirini chüshide köretti, u etisi bu chüshini dostlirigha éytip bérip, ularni heyran qalduratti. Töwende érpanning eshu chüshliridin uning öz aghzi bilen manga éytip bergen bir qisim chüshlirini uninggha oxshash kichik dostlargh'a sundum .1-Haywanatlar baghchisida balilar bayrimining harpisida érpan dadisi bilen hayw'anatlar baghchisigha keldi. Emdila 5 yashqa kirgen érpan xilmu-xil haywanlarni k'örginide shundaq xushal bolup ketti . Ikki yil ilgiri u 3 yash chéghida bu baghchigha bir qétim kelgen idi , emma kichik bolghini üchün bolsa kérek peqet oyunchi m'aymunlarning chirayliq tozning qéshighila bérip , bashqa haywanlarni körüshke unimighan idi . Bu yil érpan chong bolup qalghandek qilatti . U dadisi bilen baghch'idiki hemme haywanni körüp chiqmaqchi boldi. U momisi éytip bergen chöcheklerdiki türlük haywanlarning zadi qandaqliqini bilmekchi, ular bilen eng yéqin ariliqta turup özining heqiqiy batur bala ikenlikini ispatlimaqchi idi . Ene oyunchi maymunlar, ular etrapi sim tor bilen qorshalghan chong oymanliq ichide bir -birini q'oghliship oynishiwatatti, érpan ulargha yanchuqidiki kempütlerdin tashlap bergen idi . Ular yep bolup érpan'gha qarap yene kempüt telep qilip chirqirashti, érpanning yanchuqidiki kempütlerning hemmisi tügigendila maymunlar andin néri kétishti. Chirayliq tozlar qanatlirini échip bérishti, kepterler top-topi bilen érpanning etrapida uchup yürüshetti, u chéchip bergen danlarni terip yéyishetti, hetta bir k'epter érpanning mürisige qonuwélip , uning aliqinidiki danni yédi , uzun boyunluq zirape érpan sunup bergen qariyaghach notisini töt putini kérip turup töwen'ge éngiship turup asta tartip yéyishke bashlidi , shimali muz okyandin keltürülgen aq éyiq sudin béshini chiqirip sayahetchilerge perwasizliq bilen qarap qoyatti-de y'ene sugha shungghuytti , qarighanda bu éyiq bu yerning issiq hawasigha könelm'eywatsa kérek. Mana érpan haywanatlar ichidiki eng küchlük ikki haywan shir bilen yolwas solan'ghan nahayiti chong qepesning qéshigha keldi , shir bilen yolwas qoshna qepeslerde bolup shir hurunluq bilen közini yérim yumghiniche yatatti, yolwas bolsa q'epesning ichide aylinip yüretti. Érpan'gha yolwas shirgha qarighanda yamanraq k'öründi «shundaq yolwas dégen haywanatlarning padishahi emesmu, u elwette yamande!» érpan baghchidin qaytquche shularni oylap mangdi. Uning köz aldigha «shir padishahi» dégen karton filimidiki yolwas bilen élishidighan shir padishah «li'on»ning turqi keldi-de, « zadi yolwas yamanmidu, shir yamanmidu »dégenlerni oylap béshi qétishqa bashlidi, u ixtiyarsiz dadisidin : - Dada yolwas küchlükmu , shir küchlükmu?- Dep soridi.- Her ikkisi küchlük balam bezi chaghlarda yolwas yéngiwalsa yene bezide shir y'éngiwalidiken.Érpan yene soridi :- Dada , sen ularning élishqinini körgenmiding?- Yaq balam , ular ademlerdin yiraq ormanliqta dalada yashaydu . Ademler bar yerge ezeldin kelmeydu. - Emise bu yerdiki yolwas we shirlar qandaq kélip qalghan?- Ularni ademler tutup ekéliptu balam.-Ularni solap qoymisa boptiken. . . -Shundaq balam , ademler ularning özlirige ziyan yetküzüshidin qorqup solap qoyushuptu- Emise ularni ormanliqqa ketküzüwets'un!Dadisi érpan'gha qarap birdem turup ketti-de , éghir xorsindi,- Shundaq balam ademler ularni tutmisa , qepeske solimisa bolatti. . . Érpan bügün nurghun haywanlarni körgen bolsimu emma ularning qepeske solap qoyulghini uning könglini bekla yérim qiliwetti. U yol boyi qepeske solan'ghan h'aywanlarni oylap keldi , aptobus békitige kelgende ular 7- yol aptobusigha chiqishti. Baghcha aylinip charchighan bolsa kérek, érpan aptobusqa chiqipla mügdeshke b'ashlidi. . . .Érpan özi baghchida körgen haywanatlarni chüshide kördi, ular érpanning etrapida erkin méngiship yüretti, uzun boyun zirape derex uchidiki yap- yéshil yumran yopurmaqlarni behuzur yeytti, maymunlar xushal halda derexler üstide shahtin-shahqa yamiship qoghlashmaq oynishiwatatti, ular érpandin kempüt sorashmayt'i, tülke otlaq ichide toshqan qoghlap yüretti, böriler top-top bolushup yiraqtiki kiyiklerni qoghlap kétiwatatti, ene awu terepte yiraq yerde ikki shir balisi pomdaqliship oynawatatti , érpan yolwasni izdidi emma tapalmidi yolwas nege möküwaldikine ? Érpan shularni oylap turghinida özining yénidila kündüzi qepes ichide körg'en yoghan yolwasning turghinini kördi, u yolwas shundaq mulayimliq bilen yoghan quyruqini asta shipangshitip érpanning yénida erkilep yatatti. . . . .-Balam közüngni achqin, aptowuzdin chüshimiz .- Dadisining oyghitishi bilen érpan közini teslikte achti , emma chüshide körgen bayiqi ishlarni zadila untup qalmidi .
2. Qara Eyiq bilen Seriq Quchqachning hikayisi
Érpanning bügün kéche hich uyqusi kelmidi . U momisining yénida yoghan közlirini torusqa tikkiniche jimmide yatatti.-Uyqung kelmidimu qozam?- Momisi méhri bilen uning pishanisini silidi. -Hikaye éytip bergine moma. Birnila éytip berseng boldi- Bolidu qozam , bügün sanga qara éyiq bilen sériq quchqachning hikayisini éytip bérey-momisi hikayisini bashlidi. Nahayiti uzun zamanlar ilgiri yiraq bir ormanliqta bir qara eyiq bar iken, u qiya tashlar arisidiki öngkür ichide yashaydiken , l'ékin tagh baghridiki ormanliqqa da'im kélip turidiken ; U ormanliq ichide hesel herilirining könikini tapidikende , herilerning gül shirniliri yighqili ketken pursitidin paydilinip , tatliq heselni hozurlinip yewalidiken. . . .Hikaye mushu yerge kelgende érpan hozurlinip külüp ketti -Shundaqmu moma , heriler u qara éyiqni chéqiwalmamdiken?-Elwette bezide heriler tuyuqsiz qaytip kélidiken-de uni hesel oghrilap yewatqan halitide körüp ,uning bash- közini ayimastin rasa chaqidiken , bundaq chaghlarda qara éyiq heptilep öngkürdin chiqmastin heriler chéqiwalghan yerlirige qara layni suwap yarilirini dawalaydiken , lékin yarisi saqayghan haman yene ormanliqqa hesel yiyish uchun kélidiken , ene shundaq künlerning biride , u ormanliqta özi ezeldin anglap baqmighan shundaq yéqimliq bir awazni anglapt'u-de , béshini kötürüp , here köniki üstidiki shaxta pütün wujudi bilen sayrawatqan sériq renglik bir qushni körüp qaptu .Qushning awazi shundaq yéqimliq hem mungluq ikenki qara éyiq hesel yiyishnimu untup qaptu . Sériq quchqachning awa zigha meptun bolghan qara éyiq derex tüwide olturup . Uning yéqimliq naxshisini anglashqa bashlaptu , qara éyiq bu ömride bundaq lerzan naxshini hich bir zam'an anglimighan iken. . . » - Shundaqmu moma , sériq quchqach eshundaq yéqimliq naxsha éytamdu?Érpan momisidin shu so'alni soridiyu közliri iliship uyqugha ketti . Momisi méhri bilen uning pishanisige soyup qoydi, -Shundaq qozam sériq quchqachning naxshisi qara'éyiqni meptun qiliwaptu . Érpan momisining baghrida tatliq uyqugha ketti u chüshide momisi éytqan ormanliqqa bériptu u bu guzel ormanliqta qara éyiq bilen sériq quchqachni körüptu.( Söyümlük kichik dost , hékayining dawamini ete éytip bérey bügün uxlang . )
3 .Yolwasqa min'gen momay
Bu kéche érpanning yene bugun keche erpanning yene uyqusi kelmidi . -Moma hikaye éytip bergine , peqet uyqum kelmidi !- Sériq quchqachning hikayisining dawamini éytip bireymu? -Momisi méhri bilen érpanning béshini silighach shundaq soridi.- Yaq moma , bügün manga yolwas heqqidiki hikayini éytip bergine. Momisi yénik uh tartti.- Bolidu qozam men sanga , yolwasqa min'gen momay heqqidiki hikayini éytip b'érey. Érpanning yoghan közliri chekchiyip ketti, - Moma , yolwasqimu min'gili bolamdiken? Yolwas bek yaman tursa , u momayni yewetmeptimu? -Yaq qozam, bu heqiqi hikaye méning ulugh momam yolwasqa min'gen iken. . .
Momisi hikayisini bashliwetti. -Xuddi sanga oxshash gödek chaghlirimda bu hikayini manga momam éytip bergen . Yolwas emeliyette tolimu mulayim haywan , ademler uninggha chéqilmisa , azar bermise u ademlerge chéqilmaydu . Momamning anisi qongtaji (jungghar xanliridin xunteyjining xelq arisidiki atilishi. (Dewride ghuljida ötken sheliklerdin iken ; U90 yashqa kirgen yili tuyuqsiz ghuljidin ayrilip seperge chiqqusi keptu, u zamanlarda hazirqidek mashinilar yoq iken , kishiler harwa bilen seperge chiqattiken , harwikesh naxshilirichu balam , bilseng shu zamanlardin qalghan naxshilar u , her qétimliq seperde 3-4 harwa bir bolup seperge chiqattiken , harwikeshler hazirqi shixodiki dengge kelginide , deng aldidiki qomushluqta ulargha bir yolwas uchraptu!-Yoghan yolwasmiken?- Érpanning közliri ajayip qorqunch bilen momisigha tikildi. - Shundaq balam , bek chong yolwas iken , u yolwas harwining aldida toghra yétiwaptu, yoluchilar hemmisi qorqup qéchip kétiptu. . . - Ulugh momimizchu? -Yaq balam ulugh momimiz qachalmaptu, u asta harwidin chüshüp yolwasning aldigha keptu. - Yolwas ulugh momimizni yimeptimu?- Érpan yene gep arilidi .-Yaq yolwas uni yimeptu, aldida toghra yétiwélip échinishliq ingraptu, ulugh momimiz, uninggha qarapla uning ong qoligha tiken kirip , ishship yiringlap ketkinin'i körüptu, we yolwasning aldida tizlinip chishi bilen nahayiti teslikte uning qolid'iki tikenni sughurup éliwétiptu, andin awaylap yiringni chiqirip , yolwasning qolini béshidiki daka yaghliqi bilen téngip qoyuptu. -Yolwas endi xoshal bolup kétip qalghandu-he?! - Yaq balam yolwas ketmeptu, u ulugh momimizning qoligha chachrighan yiringlarni tili bilen yalap tazilap qoyuptu , andin uning aldida toghrisigha yétiwélip zadila turghili unimaptu, ulugh momam «endi yolwas méni balilirigha yiyish uchun apirip béridighan oxshaydu » dep yolwasqa yalwuruptu uning rehim qilishini ist'ep yighlaptu , emma yolwas yenila ketmeptu , u dümbisini ishare qilip yatqiniche qopqili unimaptu , amalsiz qalghan ulugh momimiz yolwasqa miniptu...- Minmise boptiken - érpan astaghina shundaq didi . -Ensirime balam , yolwas ulugh momimizni dümbisige olturghuzup , uni bashqa y'olochilar chüshken dengge apirip qoyuptu. . .Érpan yénik tindi momisining bu hikayisi érpanni heyran qaldurghan idi. - Bu rastmu , moma ?- Elwette rast balam , herqandaq haywan yaxshiliqqa yaxshiliq qayturidu! Shu küni érpan yene chüsh kördi , cheksiz qomushluq , qomushluq arisida érpan kinolarda körginidikidek nahayiti chong bir yolwas yügürginiche kétiwatqidek , uning dümbiside aq lécheklik bir momay olturghidek. . . Érpan momisi bilen aptowuzda olturghudek , aptowuz momisi éytip bergen hikay'idiki qomushluqni boylap bir xilda kétiwatqudek ,yiraqta cheksiz ketken qomushluqlar arisida yoghan taghil yolwasqa min'gen aq licheklik bir momay yiraqlargha nezer salghiniche meghrur olturghudek , uning qolidiki altun renglik hasisi quyas'h nurida yalt- yult qilip chaqnap turatti... Mashina emdi cheksiz ketken qum barixanliri arisida kétiwatatti , érpan bu qumluqni qeyerdidur körgendek qilatti, - Moma - moma , qarighina , biz qeyerde hazir ? - Teklimakan chölligide biz balam ! bowilirimiz yashighan güzel makanlar idi bu..Momisi xiyalgha ketken idi. Érpan momisidin yene jiqqide soallarni sorimaqchi idi , yoghan taghil yolwas momayni dümbisige mindürginiche teklimakan chöllükining ichkirisige qarap kétiwatatti.... Érpan astaghine momisining bilikidin tutuwaldi , u yolwastin közüni üzmestin asta pichirlidi :- Moma u momay nege baridu?Emma momisi jawap bermestin derize sirtigha qarighiniche jimmide olturatti ,- Gep qilghina moma - érpan momisining bilikini silkishke bashlidi.... Ornungdin tur qozam , tang atti , sütüngni ichiwalghin ! momisining oyghutushi bilen érpan teslikte közüni achti , derizidin chüshken kün nuri ö ichige taram- taram nurlirini chachqan idi .
4.Eyiq uwisidiki qiz
Dadisi érpan'gha « chin tömür batur heqqide chöchek» digen resimlik kitapchini élip berdi. Momisining yénida yatqan érpan kitapni zoqi bilen körüshke bashlidi , chöchek weqeligi uni shundaq jelp qiliwaldiki érpan öz tesewwur dunyasida éyiq béqip chong qilghan chin tömür batur bilen mextumsilaning éyiq uwisida chong bolghan halitini oylashqa bashlidi... -Moma , éyiq shundaq wehshi haywan turup chin tomür batur bilen uning singlisi mextumsulani yewetmey béqip chong qiliptu, bu rastmu? - Rast balam , emiliyette haywanlar tolimu méhriwan, bu dunyada bowaqlarni béqip chong qilghan haywanlar jiq balam. -Ow , shundaqmu moma ,ular adem balilirini yep qoymamdu? -Yaq balam ,sen haywanlargha chéqilmisang ,ular sanga chéqilmaydu. Men sanga « éyiq öngkürüdiki qiz » ning hikayisini éytip bérey -moma , hikayengni éytqina ! -érpan erkilep momisining qoynigha shungghidi. Momisi amraq newrisining béshini méhri bilen silighiniche hikayisini bashlidi..- Sendin sel chongraq chaghlirim idi ,melimizde nuxan tetem deydighan birxoshnimiz bolup , nuxan tetemning pati isimlik tolimu chirayliq bir qizi bolidighan , u qiz 16 yashqa kirgen yili chöchek shehrining yiraq bir yézisi yeni qara öngkür deydighan yéridiki bir charwidarning oghli bilen toy qildi . Érpan gep arilidi:-Moma ch'arwidar digen qandaq adem? -He, balam, charwidar déginimiz nurghun mal charwiliri, yeni qoy- kala, tögiliri bar kishini körsitidu.-Bildim ,-érpan chong- chong közlirini momisigha tikkiniche hikayining dawamini saqlawatatti.- Toy nahayiti chong boldi dawutkam bilen nuxan tetem qizini nurghun mal- dunya bilen dagh- dugha ichide «qara öngkür»digen yiraq qirgha uzutup qoydi. Emma toy bolup 2 künd'in kéyin nuxan tetemning qizini «éyiq élip qéchip kétiptu !» digen xewer yétip keldi . Apam bilen nuxan tetemdin hal sorap ularning öyüge kirginimizde nuxan tetemning özüni kachatlap qattiq yighlap ketkini yadimda. Érpanning yoghan közliri chaqnap ketti, -moma, nuxan tetemning qizini éyiq yep ketmigendu- he ?! -Yaq balam , nuxan tetemning qizini éyiq yep ketmeptu , belki u qizni toy köchürüp man'gghanlar qolidin éyiq bulap élip qéchip kétiptu ! -dawutkam we nuxan tetemler we ularning qudisi nurghun pul xejlep, owchilarni yallap ,taqqa qizini izdep tépishq'a ewetti.-Toyi bolghan yigitchu? Umu barghandur-he ? -Elwette balam u batur yigitmu özining söyümlük ayalini éyiqning qolidin qutquzush üchün owchilar bilen tagh arisigha kirip kétiptu.Ular tagh arisida bir hepte izdigen bolsimu lékin u qizn'i tapalmaptu , öz söygen qizini tapalmighan yigit ümitsizliniptu , nuxan tetem bolsa bu künlerde tügüshüpla ketti, xoshnilar uni yoqlap her küni ularning öyige kirip turatti. Yalghuz qizidin ayrilip qalghan dawut bayning hali téximu xarap idi . « Kimde - kim ,qizimning uchuruni élip kélelise meyli uning tirik téni yaki uninggha tewe bolghan herqandaq bir nersini tépip kélelise men uninggha baylighimning yérimini bérimen !» dawutkam eshu qararni jakalighandin kéyin eyni yilliri pütün chöchek tewesidiki owchilar , charwichilar güzel kélinchek patini izdeshke kiriship ketti.Érpan intizarliq ichide hikayining dawamini saqlawatatti, shu tap uning közliri uyqudin yiraq idi.-Patini éyiq élip qéchip kétip 12 kün bolghanda taghdin nuxan tetemning qizining éyiq öngküridin taghdiki qoychi teripidin tépilghanliq xewiri keldi._Uh , moma ! güzel kélinchek pati hayattu-he? Sen digen iding éyiq bikardin -bikar ademlerge hujum qilmaydu, ach qalmisila ademlerni yimeydu, dep!-érpan ümit bilen momisigha tikildi .-Shundaq balam, pati tirikken , qoychi boway uni éyiqning uwisidin qutquzuwalghinida uning tinighi aranla qalghan iken.Éyiq uwisidin sirtqa ozuq izdep chiqip ketken chaghda ,shu etrapta qoy béqiwatqan bu bowayni uning amraq iti qawap , éyiq öngkürüge élip kéliptu ._" Éyiq öngküride güzel qiz bar " dep qawaptimu?-Érpan hozur bilen küldi . Güzel kélinchek patining hayat qalghinidin u shundaq xosh bolup ketken idi .Newrisining tatliq gepliri momisini söyündürdi.-Shundaq digen bolsa kérek , itining yol bashlishi bilen éyiq öngkürige kelgen qoychi öngkür aghzidiki tashni teslikte yötkep ,öngkür ichige kir'iptu ,u kishiler aghzidin patini éyiq élip qachqanlighi heqqidiki xewerni anglighan iken . U hushshiz yatqan patini öyüge élip kétiptu, etisi dawut bay bérip qizini ekiliwaldi. 1 Aydin kéyin pati sellimaza eslige keldi, 2 ay bolghanda dawut bay küyö oghlini taghdin chaqirip kélip pütün yurtqa qaytidin chong toy qilip berdi, elwett'e patini qutquzuwalghan qoychigha dawutbay özining taghdiki qoylirining yérimini bériwetti .Patini bolsa taqqa ikkinchilep ewetmidi , köyö oghlini yénida ich köy'ö oghul qilip élip qaldi.Momisi uzun'gha sozulghan hikayisini axirlashturdi , u ch'archighan idi.-Emdi uxlighin qozam ! yérim keche bolup ketti.Emma érpanning hich uyqusi kelmigen idi, uning momisidin sorimaqghi bolghan nurghun soalliri bar idi .-Moma , pati éyiqning uwisidiki chaghda nime yeptu ? Hesel yeptimu -ya ?-Éyiq uninggha özi owlighan haywanlarning göshlirini ekilip bériptu , elwette tagh miwiliri yawa alma , yawa ürüklermu bolsa kérek. Qorsiqi achqan pati amalsiz bularni yeptu, lékin yenila bek ajizlap kétiptu , eger qoychi kélip qutquzuwalmighan bolsa u belkim eshu éyiq öngküride achliqtin ölüp qélishi mümkin ikenduq . Buni pati özi bizge dep bergen idi . Boldi qozam emdi uxla ! Momisi bekla charchighan idi .-Moma bu rast weqemu ?-Érpan bu weqening rastlighigha yenila ishinelmeywat'atti.-Rast qozam bu rast bolghan weqe . Emdi uxlayli . Momisi uyquluq pichirlidi , érpanning közliri uyqugha ketti .
5. Pidakar Ana Kirpe
Érpan 6 yashqimu kirip qaldi , uhaywanatlarresimlik kitabini körüp olturatti , resimdiki tawuzni yumulitip kétiwatqankirpe uni heyran qalduratti ,u yénida olturghan momisidin soridi :- Moma , kirpe tawuzgha bek amraqmu ? - Shundaqbalam , kirpe tawuzgha amraq , baliliq chéghimda newreakambilen tawuzluqta kirpe tutqili barghan iduq .-Tutalidinglarmu?-Shundaq , newre akam bir kirpe balisini tutuwalghan idi emma men uni qachuruwetken!-Shundaqmu moma , nimishke undaq qilghan iding ?-Mana sanga dep berey balam . Momisi issiq alghanliri bilenérpanning béshinisilighach hikayisini bashlidi ...Balisi üchün özini qorban qilghan ana kirpeHélimu ésimde,baliliq chaghlirim idi,apam bilenyiraq sehradiki tuqqinimizning öyüge méhman'gha barduq . Shu küni tawuzluqta bir kirpe balisini tutiwalduq,bir newre akam uni tor xaltigha sélip shiik aldidiki derexke ésip qoydi,nimish undaq qilidighinini sorisam u :"kirpe bek yaman ,u yerni téship qéchip kétidu,xaltigha sélip qoysaq qachalmaydu."Didi,méning tügüliwalghan bu kirpe balisigha qarap ichim aghridide, "qoyuweteyli ,u téxi kichik iken,"didim,"rast deysen k'ichik bolghachqa xaltigha sélipésip qoydum,kechte anisi kélidu,uni tutiwalsaq tonurgha kömup yeymiz,bek mezilik!" newre akam goya kirpe göshini yewatqandek bir xil ipadide mang'a qaridi,emma méning shu tapta bu kirpe balisini qachuruwetishtin bashqini oylimighanliqimni u bilmeyti. Shu kuni bir chüshtin kéyin kirpe balisigha qarap olturghinim ésimde ,emma newre akamdin qorqup uni qachuruwetelmigen idim . Mana qarangghu chüshti,newre akam méni asta noqidi,"yure kirpining anisini tutup kélimiz""anisini tutiwalsang,balisini qoyup beremsen?"Newre akam erensizlik bilen jawap berdi"yaq,ikkisini bille tonurgha komup yeymiz!"közlirimdin möllide yash tamchidi,"yaq,boldi qilghin ,kirpini qoyuweteyli!"newre akam heyranliq bilen manga qaridi"jing shelikte sen!" Goya birsi boynimdin baghlap sorigendek newre akamning arqisidin mangdim.Héliqi kirpe b'alisi téxiche esighliq turatti,emma u endi béshini chiqiriwalghan bolup ghelite awazda chiqir'awatatti,"newre akam méni jimilidi"shuk,u anisini chaqiriwetiptu,anisimu choqum yéqinla j'ayda" newre akam ikkimiz paqa yopurmaqliri arqisida yoshurunup jimmide olturattuq. Towa rastla möjize yuz berdi,yoghan bir kirpe dereh yénida turatti,newre akam derehtiki kirpe balisini asta peske chushurdi,u bir uchi xaltigha baghlan'ghan aghamchini boshutuwatatt'i,mana kirpe balisi solan'ghan tor xalta yerge chushti,kirpe balisi xalta ichide tipirlayti,anisi tumshuqliri bilen Xalta ichidiki balisini hidlawatatti, bu chaghda newre akam qismaq yipini tutqan yene bir qolini silkidi darangshighan awaz bilen das komturulup,kirpe das astida qaldi. Shu tap yurugum qattiq sélip ketti,newre akam bérip dasni köterdi,das astidiki yoghan kirpe balisini hidlighiniche jimmide turatti,u tuguliwalmighan belki tumshughini tor xaltigha paturghiniche turatti! "Kördungmu ,adette kirpiler tikinini sirqa orup toptek tuguliwalatti,lékin bu kirpe balisini qutquzimen dep hemmini untuptu." "Bildim...."Emma gépimni dawamlashturalmidim burnum échiship,awazim boghulup kétiwatatti... Newre akam uxlap qalghandin kéyin ,asta ornumdin turdumde tor xaltini derextin chushurup ana-bala kirpini qoyuwettim. Newre akamning qattiq achchighi kélidighinini bilettim,emma shu kechisi xatirjem uxlidim.Momisi hikayisini tügetti . Mma érpanning köz aldidin balisini qutchuzush üchün özini pida qilghan kirpe anisining eshu qiyapiti hich ketmidi .
Elan qilinghan tor betliri :
www.biliwal.com
www.wetinim.org
www.okyan.com
Saturday, June 6, 2009
Monro Koli Boyida
Mihray Abdilim Abral
" Lake monro" kölige béring,
Éghir hislargha chömgen chaghlarda.
Ichingiz boshutup, qan'ghuche yighlang,
Hijran otida yan'ghan tünlerde...."
Bu sözler méning yadimda bolghach,
"Lake monro" kölige daim barimen.
Oxshash kechmish, oxshighan tuyghu,
Ilkide chongqur oygha chömimen.
Kölning süyi shunche tiniqtur,
Etrapi uning bükkide orman,
Tegsiz xiyallar, éghir tiniqlar
Qelbimde yanidu,tümenming arman.
Közlirim tiniq, kölning süyidek,
Ün-tünsiz shundaq kölge baqimen
Anga mujessem cheksiz muhebbet.
Armanlar ilkide ottek yanimen...
Xiyal keptirim üzer samada,
Tursammu özüm kölning qirida.
Séghinish hisliri qiynaydu méni,
Sézermen özumni "sayram" boyida.
Dostum sözliring yadimda bolghach,
" Lake monro" boyigha daim barimen,
Oxshash tuyghu- hislarda yan'ghach,
Menmu shu köldin medet tapimen.....
2007- yil Bloomington Indiana USA
" Lake monro" kölige béring,
Éghir hislargha chömgen chaghlarda.
Ichingiz boshutup, qan'ghuche yighlang,
Hijran otida yan'ghan tünlerde...."
Bu sözler méning yadimda bolghach,
"Lake monro" kölige daim barimen.
Oxshash kechmish, oxshighan tuyghu,
Ilkide chongqur oygha chömimen.
Kölning süyi shunche tiniqtur,
Etrapi uning bükkide orman,
Tegsiz xiyallar, éghir tiniqlar
Qelbimde yanidu,tümenming arman.
Közlirim tiniq, kölning süyidek,
Ün-tünsiz shundaq kölge baqimen
Anga mujessem cheksiz muhebbet.
Armanlar ilkide ottek yanimen...
Xiyal keptirim üzer samada,
Tursammu özüm kölning qirida.
Séghinish hisliri qiynaydu méni,
Sézermen özumni "sayram" boyida.
Dostum sözliring yadimda bolghach,
" Lake monro" boyigha daim barimen,
Oxshash tuyghu- hislarda yan'ghach,
Menmu shu köldin medet tapimen.....
2007- yil Bloomington Indiana USA
Chushlirim Izdep....
Mihray Abdilim Abral
Chüshlirim izdep,okyanlar kézip,
Yurermen tenha arzuda yénip.
Hijran yashliri,mengzimni yuyar,
Ayrilish derdi yürekni tilar.
Chüshlirim izdep, kettim yiraqqa,
Séni hem qoydum, cheksiz piraqta.
Qelbing tolmisun qayghu-elemge,
Yürüküng yanmisun,hijran elemde.
Qayrilip baqmidim,qalsangmu yiraq,
Sanga baqmidim, yutsammu zerdap.
Chüshlirim izdep kettim yiraqqa,
Séni men qoydum tügimes hesrette.....
2007- yil Bloomington Indiana USA
Chüshlirim izdep,okyanlar kézip,
Yurermen tenha arzuda yénip.
Hijran yashliri,mengzimni yuyar,
Ayrilish derdi yürekni tilar.
Chüshlirim izdep, kettim yiraqqa,
Séni hem qoydum, cheksiz piraqta.
Qelbing tolmisun qayghu-elemge,
Yürüküng yanmisun,hijran elemde.
Qayrilip baqmidim,qalsangmu yiraq,
Sanga baqmidim, yutsammu zerdap.
Chüshlirim izdep kettim yiraqqa,
Séni men qoydum tügimes hesrette.....
2007- yil Bloomington Indiana USA
Chush We Rialliq
Mihray Abdilim Abral
Chush-u arzu-arman dimektur. Mana eshu chush uchun kurushimiz,eshu chush uchun tirishimiz,eshu chushning rialliqqa aylinishi uchun putun zehnimiz bilen,hujudimiz bilen hetta barlighimizni qurban qilish bedilige tirishmaqtimiz. Bu yolda hushpuraq guller yoq,uningda bari chatqal we tikenler;bu yolda rahet esla yoq,uningda bari japa-yenila japa;bu yolning cheki yoq,uning axiri korunmeydu....emma bu yolda bari umit we ishench! Bilemsiz dostum, mana bu rialliq,mana bu kuresh ! Hemmimiz oz nishanimiz,arzuyimiz ,chushlirimiz uchun tirishiwatimiz,kurushiwatimiz,umit ichide algha qarap ketiwatimiz! Mana bu hayat,mana bu rialliq!
Chush we riaqlliq qoshkezek aka-uka,acha-singillardur. Insaniyet elmisaqtin buyan chush korup kelmekte,kishiler eshu chushliri uchun tirishmaqta,hayat musapisida kureshmekte. Tesewwurlirim meni yiraq otmushke elip ketti..... Tarih betini waraqlighinimda,ejdatlar izini qedirghinimda ,jahan hikmetlirini ahturghinimda,koz aldimgha yiraq otmushning ajayip simaliri, bowilarning hikmetliri,momilarning samawi chochekliri keletti. "Towa-towa! Nimidigen ohshsashliq bu?!"Kishiler ohshash bir chushni korushetti,ohshash bir chush uchun tirishatti,kurishetti.....Ahirida yenila ohshash bir netijige,ohshash bir jawapqa erishetti. Emma ularning chushliri yenila dawamlishatti,her bir dewrde ,her bir esirde ohshimighan shekil ,ohshimighan usul,ohshimighan yol bilen kishiler oz chushliri uchun kurushetti. Shundaq,dostum mana bu chush we rialliq . Mana bu hayat,mana bu heqiqet,mana bu menggu ozgermes qanuniyet!
Chush ,u shirin bolidu,guzel bolidu ,kishige umit-ishench beghishlaydu. Rialliq,u rehimsizdur,u sening rayinggha baqmaydu,sanga tugumes malalliqlarni elip kelidu;seni umitsizlenduridu;rohingni sunduridu. Ene shundaq kunliringde chush_eshu umit we ishench sanga gheyret beghishlaydu,oz nishaninggha qarap ilgirleshke undeydu. Mana bu "Chush we Rialliq"!
Dostum , Guzel chushliringni korgende,arzuyung otida yanghiningda ,haman oyghinidighanliqingni untuma! Eshu chushliringning rialliqtiki nurghun bedeller ,koz-yashlar ,qan-terliring bedilide royapqa chiqidighinini hem unutma! Chush kormek asan,arzu shirin,emma uni rialliqqa aylandurushning qanchilik gheyret,bedel telep qilidighinini oylidingmu?!
Chush_____eshu arzu-armanlar ilkide yanimen,gheyret-shijaet bilen algha intilimen. Chushlirimni royapqa chiqirish yolida izdinimen,kurishimen,tirishimen. Chushlirim uchun,arzuyum uchun semender kebi ozumni yalkunluq ot ichige atimen!
Chushlirim,manga arzu-ishench ata qildi! Desht-bayawanda oz nishanim uchun kureshke chaqirdi,chidam-gheyret beghishlidi..... Rialliq,rehimsiz! Emma men eshu rehimsiz rialliqqa her waqit yuzlinishke,uning manga kelturgen mushkulatlirini yengishke,bu yolda algha qarap mengishqa bel baghlidim! Meyli bu yolda tikenlik chatqallar bolsun,deshti-bayawanlar yolumni tossun,men her waqit eshu guzel chushlurum uchun bu yolda mengishqa teyyarmen. "Chidam-gheyretning yenggini her dem yadimd
"Chushliringdin waz kechkin.""Chushliringdin waz kech!"" ....waz kech!" Eshu awaz qulaq tuwimde anglinatti,zadila tohtimayti,meni aramsizlanduratti,arisalda qilatti,rohimni sundurmaqchi bolatti. Men halsizlandim,munglandim,teshwishlendim,azaplandim.... Shu tap eshu chushlirim bedilige nurghun nersilerdin ayrilishim,nurghun yash tokushum,cheksiz hesret dengizida gherq bolishim mumkin idi.Men arisaldi bolushqa,pushayman qilishqa bashlidim hetta eshu guzel chushlerdin ebidi waz kechish qararighimu keldim! "Hey,beshingni koter,aldinggha qara!" Ghayiptin kelgen bu sada qulaq tuwimde yangridi! "Amalsizmen,rialliqqa yuzlinishim kerek,charchidim..."men azap ichide iltija qildim,"Bu chushler guzel emma bek yiraq,yetelmeymen." "Beshingni koter ,etrapqa baq,iqbaling heqqide oyla uzaq!" "Towa bu kimning sozi bolghiyti,men bu hikmetning igisini esimge almaqchi bolattim,beshim sirqirap aghriyti ."Ketse qoldin bu ghenimet pursiti,kelechek ishing chataq,ishing chataq!" Koz aldim pallide yoridi,hikmet igisi aldimda nur chembiriki ichide manga qarap turatti,uning oychan kozliri meni eyiplimekte. Men uning kozige qarashqa petinalmidim,shu tap bayiqi nalilirim uchun qattiq uyiliwatattim. "Shundaq ,eshu chushlirim uchun kurushimen,tirishimen,meyli netijisi qandaq bolsun aqiwiti nime bolsun."Men asta pichirlidim.
-"Chushliring uchun ketting!" -"Shundaq,chushlirimni izdep kettim!" _"Oylidingmu? Nimilerge erishisen!Hem nimilerdin ayrilisen?!" Undimidim. Kozlirim iltija we umit bilen yiraqlargha tikildi.....
Minglighan milyonlighan kishiler eshu chushler uchun tirishiwatidu. Guzel arzular ilkide yeniwatidu,arzu ishqida ortiniwatidu,kul boliwatidu! Mana bu rialliq,mana bu eshu guzel arzular,chushler uchun toligen bed
Shu tap "Achil"digen nahshini anglap olturuptimen.Abdurehim Heyt dutta bilen orunlighan bu xelq nahshisi,shunchilik merdane eytilghan bolup,jasaret urghup turatti. "Gulum achilay deydu,bashqa sanchilay deydu. Yarimning yurek oti, tenge yamishay deydu. Ya olum-ya korum ,yarim achilghay.. Gheyret gulum achilghin,himmet yolum achilghin. ......... Yad qedrini bimeysen ,zimistanni yaz qilur. ..... " Xiyal keptirim, qerindashlirim yenigha _ana yurtqa qarap uchup ketken idi. U Teklimakandiki cheksiz qum barixanliri arisida,Tengritagh baghridiki yeshil chimenler ichidin porek bolghan ghuncjhilarni izlep yurgudek ........
Arzu,umit,ghaye___bularni nime dep izahlash mumkin?! Meningche bu bizning chushumiz,nishanimiz,intilishimiz bolsa kerek. Mehnet,Japa-musheqqet,tirmishish,bedel_____bular irade we chidam bolsa kerek. Nihayet,undaqta rialliqchu? Rialliq __uni netije diyishimiz mumkin. Emma insaniyet dunyasida texi hichqachan,herqandaq bir insan ozi arzu qilghandek netijige erishelmigen bolsa kerek. Ene shundaq bolghini uchun kishiler eshu arzuliri uchun__chushliri uchun hisapsiz bedellerni tolimekte....
"Siz chüsh körüshke nimanche amraq, bilemsiz chüsh daim kishini aldap qoyudu," U közümning ichige qarap shundaq didi. Men uningdin yandurup soridim," Ejiba siz ömringizde zadila chüsh körüp baqmighanmidingiz?" U perwasizliq bilen jawap berdi "Chüsh körüshni yaqturmaymen,körgen chüshümnimu shu haman untup qalimen!" Uning jawabi meni ümitsizlendürdi ,u insanning herwaqit chüshtin__güzel arzu-tileklerdin ayrilalmaydighanlighi, we uning üchün kürüshidighanlighini untup qalghandek qilatti. Shundaq emiliyette uningmu shundaq güzel chüshliri bar,umu ohshashla eshu chüshlirini emelge achurush üchun tirishiwatatti emma nimishkidur uning buni iqrar qilghusi kelmeyti .
Men shundaq guzel chushlerni korumen, her waqit armanlar ilkide yanimen. Eshu chushlirim uchun armanlirim uchun tirishmaqtimen,chelishmaqtimen. Lekin kop chaghlarda rehimsiz rialliq meni aldap qoyudu, achchiq hesret, hisapsiz yashlirimning tokulishige hem sewepkarbolidu.... Emma her waqit her zaman bu chushlirimdin waz kechmidim,eshu guzel chushlerning haman bir kuni rialliqa aylinidighanlighigha helimu hem ishinimen, Ene shu umit bilen ,ene shu kuch bilen gahida yenik , gahida eghir qedemler bilen oz nishanimgha , menzilimge qarap ketiwatimen... Dostum sizmu shundaqqu?! Sizmu oz armaningiz oz arzuyingiz otida yanisizghu!? Nimisini dey mana bu " Chush " We " Rialliq" ning kurushi bolsa kerek.
Tamam: 2007- yil 14- iyul Seher Bloomington Indiana USA
Chush-u arzu-arman dimektur. Mana eshu chush uchun kurushimiz,eshu chush uchun tirishimiz,eshu chushning rialliqqa aylinishi uchun putun zehnimiz bilen,hujudimiz bilen hetta barlighimizni qurban qilish bedilige tirishmaqtimiz. Bu yolda hushpuraq guller yoq,uningda bari chatqal we tikenler;bu yolda rahet esla yoq,uningda bari japa-yenila japa;bu yolning cheki yoq,uning axiri korunmeydu....emma bu yolda bari umit we ishench! Bilemsiz dostum, mana bu rialliq,mana bu kuresh ! Hemmimiz oz nishanimiz,arzuyimiz ,chushlirimiz uchun tirishiwatimiz,kurushiwatimiz,umit ichide algha qarap ketiwatimiz! Mana bu hayat,mana bu rialliq!
Chush we riaqlliq qoshkezek aka-uka,acha-singillardur. Insaniyet elmisaqtin buyan chush korup kelmekte,kishiler eshu chushliri uchun tirishmaqta,hayat musapisida kureshmekte. Tesewwurlirim meni yiraq otmushke elip ketti..... Tarih betini waraqlighinimda,ejdatlar izini qedirghinimda ,jahan hikmetlirini ahturghinimda,koz aldimgha yiraq otmushning ajayip simaliri, bowilarning hikmetliri,momilarning samawi chochekliri keletti. "Towa-towa! Nimidigen ohshsashliq bu?!"Kishiler ohshash bir chushni korushetti,ohshash bir chush uchun tirishatti,kurishetti.....Ahirida yenila ohshash bir netijige,ohshash bir jawapqa erishetti. Emma ularning chushliri yenila dawamlishatti,her bir dewrde ,her bir esirde ohshimighan shekil ,ohshimighan usul,ohshimighan yol bilen kishiler oz chushliri uchun kurushetti. Shundaq,dostum mana bu chush we rialliq . Mana bu hayat,mana bu heqiqet,mana bu menggu ozgermes qanuniyet!
Chush ,u shirin bolidu,guzel bolidu ,kishige umit-ishench beghishlaydu. Rialliq,u rehimsizdur,u sening rayinggha baqmaydu,sanga tugumes malalliqlarni elip kelidu;seni umitsizlenduridu;rohingni sunduridu. Ene shundaq kunliringde chush_eshu umit we ishench sanga gheyret beghishlaydu,oz nishaninggha qarap ilgirleshke undeydu. Mana bu "Chush we Rialliq"!
Dostum , Guzel chushliringni korgende,arzuyung otida yanghiningda ,haman oyghinidighanliqingni untuma! Eshu chushliringning rialliqtiki nurghun bedeller ,koz-yashlar ,qan-terliring bedilide royapqa chiqidighinini hem unutma! Chush kormek asan,arzu shirin,emma uni rialliqqa aylandurushning qanchilik gheyret,bedel telep qilidighinini oylidingmu?!
Chush_____eshu arzu-armanlar ilkide yanimen,gheyret-shijaet bilen algha intilimen. Chushlirimni royapqa chiqirish yolida izdinimen,kurishimen,tirishimen. Chushlirim uchun,arzuyum uchun semender kebi ozumni yalkunluq ot ichige atimen!
Chushlirim,manga arzu-ishench ata qildi! Desht-bayawanda oz nishanim uchun kureshke chaqirdi,chidam-gheyret beghishlidi..... Rialliq,rehimsiz! Emma men eshu rehimsiz rialliqqa her waqit yuzlinishke,uning manga kelturgen mushkulatlirini yengishke,bu yolda algha qarap mengishqa bel baghlidim! Meyli bu yolda tikenlik chatqallar bolsun,deshti-bayawanlar yolumni tossun,men her waqit eshu guzel chushlurum uchun bu yolda mengishqa teyyarmen. "Chidam-gheyretning yenggini her dem yadimd
"Chushliringdin waz kechkin.""Chushliringdin waz kech!"" ....waz kech!" Eshu awaz qulaq tuwimde anglinatti,zadila tohtimayti,meni aramsizlanduratti,arisalda qilatti,rohimni sundurmaqchi bolatti. Men halsizlandim,munglandim,teshwishlendim,azaplandim.... Shu tap eshu chushlirim bedilige nurghun nersilerdin ayrilishim,nurghun yash tokushum,cheksiz hesret dengizida gherq bolishim mumkin idi.Men arisaldi bolushqa,pushayman qilishqa bashlidim hetta eshu guzel chushlerdin ebidi waz kechish qararighimu keldim! "Hey,beshingni koter,aldinggha qara!" Ghayiptin kelgen bu sada qulaq tuwimde yangridi! "Amalsizmen,rialliqqa yuzlinishim kerek,charchidim..."men azap ichide iltija qildim,"Bu chushler guzel emma bek yiraq,yetelmeymen." "Beshingni koter ,etrapqa baq,iqbaling heqqide oyla uzaq!" "Towa bu kimning sozi bolghiyti,men bu hikmetning igisini esimge almaqchi bolattim,beshim sirqirap aghriyti ."Ketse qoldin bu ghenimet pursiti,kelechek ishing chataq,ishing chataq!" Koz aldim pallide yoridi,hikmet igisi aldimda nur chembiriki ichide manga qarap turatti,uning oychan kozliri meni eyiplimekte. Men uning kozige qarashqa petinalmidim,shu tap bayiqi nalilirim uchun qattiq uyiliwatattim. "Shundaq ,eshu chushlirim uchun kurushimen,tirishimen,meyli netijisi qandaq bolsun aqiwiti nime bolsun."Men asta pichirlidim.
-"Chushliring uchun ketting!" -"Shundaq,chushlirimni izdep kettim!" _"Oylidingmu? Nimilerge erishisen!Hem nimilerdin ayrilisen?!" Undimidim. Kozlirim iltija we umit bilen yiraqlargha tikildi.....
Minglighan milyonlighan kishiler eshu chushler uchun tirishiwatidu. Guzel arzular ilkide yeniwatidu,arzu ishqida ortiniwatidu,kul boliwatidu! Mana bu rialliq,mana bu eshu guzel arzular,chushler uchun toligen bed
Shu tap "Achil"digen nahshini anglap olturuptimen.Abdurehim Heyt dutta bilen orunlighan bu xelq nahshisi,shunchilik merdane eytilghan bolup,jasaret urghup turatti. "Gulum achilay deydu,bashqa sanchilay deydu. Yarimning yurek oti, tenge yamishay deydu. Ya olum-ya korum ,yarim achilghay.. Gheyret gulum achilghin,himmet yolum achilghin. ......... Yad qedrini bimeysen ,zimistanni yaz qilur. ..... " Xiyal keptirim, qerindashlirim yenigha _ana yurtqa qarap uchup ketken idi. U Teklimakandiki cheksiz qum barixanliri arisida,Tengritagh baghridiki yeshil chimenler ichidin porek bolghan ghuncjhilarni izlep yurgudek ........
Arzu,umit,ghaye___bularni nime dep izahlash mumkin?! Meningche bu bizning chushumiz,nishanimiz,intilishimiz bolsa kerek. Mehnet,Japa-musheqqet,tirmishish,bedel_____bular irade we chidam bolsa kerek. Nihayet,undaqta rialliqchu? Rialliq __uni netije diyishimiz mumkin. Emma insaniyet dunyasida texi hichqachan,herqandaq bir insan ozi arzu qilghandek netijige erishelmigen bolsa kerek. Ene shundaq bolghini uchun kishiler eshu arzuliri uchun__chushliri uchun hisapsiz bedellerni tolimekte....
"Siz chüsh körüshke nimanche amraq, bilemsiz chüsh daim kishini aldap qoyudu," U közümning ichige qarap shundaq didi. Men uningdin yandurup soridim," Ejiba siz ömringizde zadila chüsh körüp baqmighanmidingiz?" U perwasizliq bilen jawap berdi "Chüsh körüshni yaqturmaymen,körgen chüshümnimu shu haman untup qalimen!" Uning jawabi meni ümitsizlendürdi ,u insanning herwaqit chüshtin__güzel arzu-tileklerdin ayrilalmaydighanlighi, we uning üchün kürüshidighanlighini untup qalghandek qilatti. Shundaq emiliyette uningmu shundaq güzel chüshliri bar,umu ohshashla eshu chüshlirini emelge achurush üchun tirishiwatatti emma nimishkidur uning buni iqrar qilghusi kelmeyti .
Men shundaq guzel chushlerni korumen, her waqit armanlar ilkide yanimen. Eshu chushlirim uchun armanlirim uchun tirishmaqtimen,chelishmaqtimen. Lekin kop chaghlarda rehimsiz rialliq meni aldap qoyudu, achchiq hesret, hisapsiz yashlirimning tokulishige hem sewepkarbolidu.... Emma her waqit her zaman bu chushlirimdin waz kechmidim,eshu guzel chushlerning haman bir kuni rialliqa aylinidighanlighigha helimu hem ishinimen, Ene shu umit bilen ,ene shu kuch bilen gahida yenik , gahida eghir qedemler bilen oz nishanimgha , menzilimge qarap ketiwatimen... Dostum sizmu shundaqqu?! Sizmu oz armaningiz oz arzuyingiz otida yanisizghu!? Nimisini dey mana bu " Chush " We " Rialliq" ning kurushi bolsa kerek.
Tamam: 2007- yil 14- iyul Seher Bloomington Indiana USA
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim
Amérika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim
Mihray Abdilim Abral
Muqeddime
Hörmetlik oqurmen, méning bu yazmini yézishim, Uyghurlarning iptidaiy étiqad alahidilikliri bilen melum jehettin ortaqliqi bar bolghan Amérika Indianlirining bügünki pajielik qismetke chüshüp qélishi heqqide deslepki yüzeki qarashlirimni bayan qilish arqiliq, uchqandak tereqqi qiliwatqan bu medeniyet alimide, dewr éqimigha maslashqan halda özimizning milliy kimlikini qandaq saqlap qélish mesiliside eziz qérindashlirim bilen ortaqlishish üchün bolsa kérek.
1. Men Ulargha Némishqa Qiziqip Qaldim?
Amérika Indianlirigha qiziqishim Aliy mektepte oquwatqan chaghlirimdila bashlan'ghan bolup, men Morganning «Qedimqi Jem'iyet» dégen kitabidin Amérika Indianliri heqqidiki deslepki tonushqa ige bolghan idim. Kéyin Folklor kespi boyiche Magistérliq oqushigha qobul qilin'ghinimdin kéyin, méni özige eng jelp qilghini Uyghurlarning iptidaiy étiqad adetliri bayan qilin'ghan matériyallar bolghan idi. Gerche u chaghlarda Uyghurlarning qedimqi étiqadliri heqqide melumat bérilgen matériyallar tolimu az, bu jehettiki tetqiqat téxi izdinish basquchida bolsimu, men özüm tapalighanliki matérial menbeliridin Uyghurlarning iptidaiy étiqadliri bilen deslepki qedemde tonushush imkaniyitige ige bolghan idim. Hetta oqush püttürüsh déssirtatsiyemni Uyghurlarning shaman étiqadi heqqide yazmaqchimu bolghan idim, emma yétekchi oqutquchum proféssor Abdukérim Raxman ependining teklipi bilen «Ili Meshrepliri» heqqidiki emeliy tekshürüshümni yazghan idim. Lékin méning eshu chaghlardila Uyghurlarning Iptidaiy étiqadliri bilen Amérika Indianlirining Shaman étiqadi ottursidiki oxshashliqlardin ular otturisidiki qandaqtur sirliq baghlinishlarni tépip chiqqum kéletti. Az kem 13 yil Folklor kespi boyiche ders ötüsh jeryanida asasliq izdinishim yenila Uyghurlarning étiqadi heqqide boldi we özümning emeliy tekshürüshlirim asasida hazirqi zaman Uyghurlar turmushida saqlinip kéliwatqan Shaman dini étiqadining bezi ipadiliri heqqide birqanche maqalemni élan qilghanmu boldum. Emma bu étiqad ipadilirining menbesi heqqidiki izdinish yenila yüzeki déyishke bolatti. Méning Amérika Indianlirining étiqad alahidiki heqqide téximu jiqraq nersilerni bilgüm, bügünki Amérika Indianlirining heqiqiy turmushi bilen tonushqum kéletti. Nihayet axiri bu pursetkimu érishtim désem bolidu. 2005- yili 10–ayda men Amérikining Indiana shitatidiki Indiana Uniwérsitétigha bir yilliq bilim ashurushqa keldim. Elwette mektepke kelginimdin kéyin méning asasliq izdinish obyéktim yenila Amérika Indianlirining étiqad adetliri, tarixi we zamaniwilashqan bügünki medeniyet alimidiki ularning teqdiri boldi. Emma némisini dey, ular heqqide bilgenlirim qanche jiq bolghanséri könglüm shunche perishan bolidighan bolup qaldim. Men okyanlar atlap, yéqin qérindashlirimdin ayrilip, gerche turmush aditi, medeniyiti oxshimisimu emma étiqati, psixikisi, teqdiri biz bilen oxshiship kétidighan Amérikining bu esli yerlik ahalisi bilen tonushush arzusida bu zémin'gha qedem basqan idim. Toghra, ulargha bolghan qiziqishim bir minutmu toxtap qalghini yoq, néme üchündur tarix sehniside öz rolini yoqitiwatqan, millet süpitide mewjut bolush, hazirqi zaman dunya medeniyitining bir qismigha aylinish hoquqidin ayrilip qalghan bu insanlar topigha shunche méhri-muhebbitim barliqigha bezide heyran qalimen.
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (2 )
2. Qizziqish Izdinish we Munglinish
Men Indianlargha ait tetqiqatlar bilen tonushush imkaniyiti bolarmikin, dégen ümidte awat sheherlerge bérish pursitidin waz kéchip, Amérikining Indiana shitatidiki Bloomington dégen bu kichikkine sheherge kelgen idim, emma bu yerde men körüshni arzu qilghan birmu Indian uchrimidi! Kelgen künümning etisi nashta qiliwétip G ependimdin soridim "Shehiringlarda Indianlarni uchritalarmenmu?" G ependi teejjüp bilen manga qaridi, emma derhal yüzige külke yügürtüp "Bilmekchi bolghiningiz topliship olturaqlashqan Indianlarmu?" dep soridi, "Shundaq méning ular olturaqlashqan jayni bek körgüm bar idi." "Shundaqmu, elwette sizning kespingiz Folklor bolghandin kéyin bu héssiyatingizni chüshinishke bolidu, emma bu sheherde siz dégendek Indian guruppiliri yoq, emma shitatimizda az bir qisim Indianlar bar, lékin ularning özige xas turmush usuli alliqachan özgirip ketken bolushi mumkin." "Bek epsuslinarliq ish boluptu!" Men éghir xursindim. G ependi sözini dawamlashturdi, "Méning bir Indian aghinem bar, Indian tili tetqiqati bilen shughullinidu, uning déyishiche hazir pütkül Amérika qit'eside nahayiti az bir qisim Indianlarla özlirining en'eniwi medeniyitini saqlap qalalaptu, tilini saqlap qalghanlar bolsa téximu az iken". "Rastmu, ehwal shunche éghirmu?" G ependi éghir xursindi "Bu heqiqeten bir chong yoqitish boldi, Amérika qit'esidiki 500 Indian qebilisi ashundaq yoqap ketti!" Men ündimidim, uning keypini téximu buzghum kelmidi. G ependi tuyuqsiz béshini kötürdi-de "Rast, bizning shehirimizde bir Indian résturani bar, u yerde ularning en'eniwi tamaqlirini yéyeleysiz. "Bu gepni anglap könglüm xéli échilip qaldi, "Shundaqmu? emise men kéyinche barsam bolghidek!" Shundaq qilip bu qétimqi söhbitimiz ayaqlashqan boldi, emma mendiki heqiqi Indianlarni körüsh istiki barghanche küchiyip bériwatatti, Amérikining esli igiliri bolghan bu kishilerni bügünki turmush aditini, ularning zamaniwi jem'iyettiki yashash usulini bilgüm bar idi. Mektepning "Folklor Tetqiqat Merkizi"de Indianlar tetqiqati bilen shughullinidighan Proféssorlarni we ularning bir qisim tetqiqat maqalilirini Mektep toridin körgenmu boldum, emma deslepki aylarda til ötkili aldimdiki éghir tosaq bolghachqa, ularning eserlirini chüshinelmidim désemmu bolidu. Rast, kélip ikki ay bolghandighu deymen, bir küni sheher merkizini aylinip yürüp, tuyuqsiz közüm"Indian Résturani" dégen wéwiskigha chüshüp qaldi-de, ixtiyarsiz résturan'gha kirip keldim, kütküchi qiz xush tebessum bilen aldimgha keldi, men ularning tamaq tizimini qolumgha élip eng erzan qorumidin birni körsettim, u bir istakan su bilen bir dane qeghez salfetkini aldimgha epkélip berdi-de, hayal ötmey, bir texse uwutulghan qonaqni epkélip berdi, bu suda pishurulghan qonaq bolup, pemimche yérim bash qonaq bolsa kérek, uni yégen chéghimda Ürümchi kochilirida Tungganlar wélsipit bilen warqirap yürüp satidighan issiq kökwashlar ésimge keldi, emma bu qonaqning temi uninggha hergiz yetmeytti! Chüstin kéyin bolghach, résturanda bashqa xéridar yoq idi, méning xiyal bilen olturghinimni körüp heyran qalghan bolsa kérek, kütküchi qiz mendin soridi "Tamiqimiz tétidimu?" men chöchüp béshimni kötürdüm, "elwette bek mezilik boluptu!" Men balilar ishlitidighan "Mézilik" dégen sözni ishlettim. U méning chet ellik ikenlikimni biliwaldi-de, manga qarap tatliq külümsiridi "Rehmet, daim kélip turung!" "Bolidu, purset bolsila!" Emma tamiqi qimmet bu resturan'gha emdi kélishim mumkin emes idi. Men uning bikar ikenlikini körüp qiziqishimni basalmay soridim. "Siz Indianmu?" U birdem téngirqap turup qaldi-de, andin jawab berdi "Men Meksikiliq, ejdatlirimiz Indian bolsa kérek. "Bughday önglük bu qiz manga shundaq jawab berdi. "Xojayininglarchu, umu Méksikiliqmu? "Shundaq, umu Méksikiliq ..." "Siler qaysi tilni ishlitisiler?" "Biz Ispan tilini ishlitimiz, Bashqilar bizni "Spanishlar" deydu, emma biz Yawropadiki Ispanlargha oxshimaymiz." U toghra dewatatti, bu qizda Yawropa irqigha teelluq héchqandaq izna yoq idi, bughday önglük, közliri chongqur, burni sel yapilaq kelgen bu qiz wetinimizdiki mongghullarni eslitetti. "Xojayininglar Indian tilini bilemdu?" "Bilmise kérek, u daim Ispan tilida sözleydu, xéridarlargha In'gliz tilida sözleymiz". Emdi artuq soal sorishimning orni qalmighan idi. Amérika qit'esidiki shanliq "Maya Medeniyiti"ni yaratqan bu yerlik xelq öz ana tilini pütünley untughan idi!
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (3)
2. Qizziqish Izdinish we Munglinish ( dawami )
Her yili 11-ayning axirqi heptisining peyshenbe küni Amérikiliqlarning "Thanks Giving" deydighan bir bayrimi bolup, menisci "Teshekkür Bayrimi" dégenlik bolidu, bu bayram Amérika hökümet bayrimi bolup, hökümet organliri, mektep qatarliq jaylarning hemmisidila 3 kün dem élish bérilidu, bu küni hemme aililerde "Kürke toxo" yéyishidu, emeliyette bu bayram Yawropa köchmenlirining yerlik Indianlargha bolghan "Namaqulluq küni" déyishkimu bolidu. Hélimu ésimde 11-ayning 24-küni bir Amérikiliq sawaqdishimiz bizni öyige "Kürke Toxo" yéyishke chaqirdi, dastixan üstide bu bayram toghriliq gep bolup qaldi. U bu bayram toghriliq toxtilip "Columbu Amérikigha tunji kelginide, ularni acharchiliq azabidin Indianlar qutquzup qalghan iken, ata-bowilirimiz yerlik xelqning qizghin kütüwélishigha érishken, bizning ejdatlirimiz ularning yardimide hayatliqqa érishken, biz bu künni hergiz untumaymiz!" U biz chet ellik oqughuchilargha qarap sözini dawamlashturdi: "Bizning bu yerde érishken barliqimiz eng awal eshu yerlik xelq Indianlargha tewe, köchmenler ularning bu yaxshiliqini hergiz untumaydu!..." U toxtimay sözleytti, Amérikiliqlarning her yili bu künni qandaq debdebilik xatirileydighanliqini, özlirini bügünki bextke érishtürgen yerlik xelqqe bolghan cheksiz minnetdarliqi... eytawur u ata-bowiliri bolghan Yawropa köchmenlirining Indianlargha bolghan cheksiz minnetdarliqini eng güzel ibariler bilen ipadilewatatti... Uning sözlirini anglighanséri ichim pushushqa bashlidi, uninggha öch bolushqa bashlidim, u sözide özlirining Indianlargha bolghan teshekkürinila sözleytti, Yawropa köchmenlirining yerlik ahalilerge bolghan chongqur muhebbitini ajayip zoq bilen bayan qilatti, emma 200 yil burun ata-bowilirining Indianlarni dehshetlik qirghin qilghini heqqide bolsa zadila toxtalmaytti! Özümning uning öyige méhman bolup kelginimni untughan bolsam kérek, uningdin shundaq soridim "Yawropa köchmenliri yeni silerning ata-bowiliringlar Indianlargha rastla eshundaq dostane muamilide bolghanmidi?" U nahayiti sezgürlük bilen manga qaridi "Elwette, kéyinki chaghlarda ata-bowilirimiz bilen Indianlar otturisida sürkilishler bolghan, Jékson dewride "Tinchliq kelishimi" imzalan’ghandin kéyin ular bilen dostane ötüwatimiz, mana hazir Amérika hökümiti her yili Indianlargha tölem puli béridu". U quwluq bilen manga qarap qoydi, bu nazuk témidin u epchillik bilen özini qachurdi, shundin kéyin Indianlar heqqide gep bolunmidi. Heqiqi Indian medeniyiti bilen tonushush pursitige men qishliq tetil mezgilide érishtim. 12- ayning axirqi heptisi mektep "Milad Bayrimi" we "Yéngi Yil" munasiwiti bilen 20 künlük tetilge qoyup berdi, Washin’gitondiki qérindashlirimning qattiq turuwélishi bilen men Washin’gton’gha dem élishqa bardim, yéngi yilni ötküzüpla, ularning renjishige qarimastin, méhmandarchiliqlarni ret qildim-de, bir hepte waqtimni Muzéylarni körüshke ajrattim, her küni etigen ornumdin turattim-de, métrogha olturup, Muzéylarning échilishigha ülgürüp, sheher merkizige kélettim, taki chüshtin kéyin saet 5 bolghiche muzéy arilap kechte hedem ishtin chüshkende métro bilen öyge qaytattim. Muzéylarning hemmisi heqsiz bolup, Kapitol Xoll etrapida idi, "Amérika Tarixi muzéyi","Alem Qatnishi muzéyi", "Sen’et Muzéyi" "Ösümlük Baghchisi" "Linkolin Xatire öyi" qatarliqlarning hemmisige bardim, manga eng tesir qilghini yenila "Indianlar Muzéyi" boldi, bu muzéy esli "Amérika Tarixi Muzéyi" bilen bille bolup, 2004- yili 7- ayda ayrilip chiqip mexsus bir bina sélin’ghan iken. Men mana mushu jaydila özüm heqiqi arzu qilghan Amérika Indianlirining tarixi, turmush aditi, etiqad alahidiliki qatarliqlar bilen tonushtum déyishim kérek, emma til jehettiki qolaysizliqlar méning téximu chongqur chüshinishimge tosalghu boldi désemmu bolidu, lékin axirqi hésabta men yenila özümni qiynap kelgen soalning jawabini bu yerdin tapqan boldum. Muzéy töt qewet bolup, uning sirqi haliti sizge Tagh arisidiki qiya tashlarni eslitetti, Muzéy aldida qomushlar bilen oralghan bir kölchek bolup, kölchekte yawa ördekler üzüshüp yüretti (Deslep kelginimde bu ördeklerni öy ördeklirimikin dégen idim, emma bir küni muzéy taqalghan chaghda, bu ördeklerning top-topi bilen etraptiki qarighaylar we igiz binalar üstige qarap uchup ketkinini körüp heyran qaldim, bular esli yawa ördekler iken emesmu! Bu ördekler sheher muhitigha obdanla maslashqan idi. Muzéyning 1- qewiti we 3- qewitide kinoxana bolup, bu jayda Indianlargha ait filimler heqsiz qoyulidiken; 2- qewitide kutupxana bolup, Indianlargha ait barliq yazma we éléktironluq qollanmilarni bu jaydin körüsh mumkin iken; 2- qewetning yérimi we 4-qewette mexsus Indianlargha ait maddi buyumlar we ularning tarixi, örp-aditi, étiqad alahidilikliri bayan qilin’ghan sinalghu filimliri qoyulidighan bolup, Amérika hökümiti öz waqtida qanliq qirghin qilghan, rehimsizlik bilen munbet zéminlirini tartiwalghan,hala bügün’ge kelgende yoqilish girdabigha bérip qalghan bu kishilerge alahide méhribanliq körsitip, ularning medeniyitini teshwiq qiliwatqandek qilatti. "Indianlar Muzéyi"da men eyni yillardiki Yawropa köchmenliri bilen Indianlarning munasiwiti heqqidiki bezi tarixiy matériyallargha érishtim disemmu bolidu. Amérika qit'esidiki yerlik qebililer esli 500 din ashidighan bolup 1492-yili Kolumbu we uning hemmrahliri bu zémin'gha qedem basqinida bu yerdiki özgiche ajayip medeniyet, mol bayliq, bolupmu yerlik kishilerdiki tengdishi yoq méhmandosluq ularni qattiq tesirlendürgen. Ene shundin kéyin Yawropaliqlar bu zémin'gha top-topi bilen köchüp kélishke bashlighan. Yillarning ötüshi bilen zidyetmu küchiyip barghan, hayatliq éhtiyaji ular otturisidiki rehimsiz urushni keltürüp chiqarghan.18-esirge kelginide bu urush ewjige chiqqan. Eslidiki 500 qebilidin bu chaghda özining musteqil küchini we medeniyitini saqlap qalalighanlardin Iroquois, Seminoles, Shawnee, Navajo, Lakuta Sioux we Cheyenne qebilisidin ibaret 6 chong qebile qalghan bolup, Anderew Jackson (7-nowetlik Prézidént, 1829-1837) dewrige kelgende Amérika hökümiti ular bilen tinchliq kélishimi imzalighan. Emma otturidiki zémin talishish urushliri dawamliq bolup turghan, uning üstige bu 6 qebile otturisidiki öz’ara ziddiyetler küchiyip bérip ularning küchi barghanche ajizlashqan,19-esirge qedem qoyghinida bolsa ular özlirining xas medeniyitini yoqitip axirqi hésabta köchmenler élip kelgen Yawropa medeniyiti teripidin teltöküs assimilatsiye bolushqa qedem qoyghan, yillarning ötüshi bilen mana bügünki kün’ge kelgende ularning tili we has medeniyiti pütünley dégidek yoqalghan. Ular heqqidiki xatiriler peqet muzéyxanilardila saqlinip qalghan idi.
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (4 )
2. Qiziqish Izdinish we Munglinish
( dawami ) Elwette, Amérikida bu yerlik insanlar topi heqqide heqiqeten nurghun tetqiqatlar élip bérilghan, sansiz kitablar yézilghan bolup, hazir bu téma Amérikida unche qizghin témilardinmu emes idi. Amérikiliqlarning Indianlar heqqide köp sözligüsi kelmeytti, köpinche kishiler bu témidin özlirini qachuratti. Washin'gitonda muzéylarni arilap yürgen ashu künlirimde, wetende Uyghurlar arisida xéli közge körün'gen, men tolimu hörmetleydighan bir tarixshunas akimiz méning Amérika Indiyanlirining örp-aditige qiziqiwatqinimni anglap, teshebbuskarliq bilen méni izdep keldi we manga"Indianlar heqqide izdiniwétipsiz, heqiqeten bu tolimu yaxshi téma, ular heqqide menmu jiq izden'gen we Uyghurlargha oxshaydighan bezi mesililernimu bayqighan idim, emma kéyin bu tetqiqatimni pütünley toxtattim! Méningche bu témidin özingizni tarting!" Uning pozitsiyesi xélila qattiq idi, men könglüm bir nersini tuyghandek uninggha qaridim, emma yenila qayil bolmighan halda uningdin qayturup soridum "Némishqa undaq deysiz, men ularning "Shaman Dini" étiqadigha ait mezmunlardin Uyghurlarning xelq arisida saqlinip kéliwatqan, bezi étiqat adetliri bilen tolimu yéqin bolghan nersilerni bayqawatimen, hetta ularning bezi "Shaman Ussulliri" beeyni bizning "Baxshilarning pire oynishi"ning özi iken'ghu?!" "Toghra deysiz, belkim siz oylighandinmu jiq mesililerde ular Uyghurlargha oxshiship kétidu... Emma eger méning sözümni ilik alsingiz bu tetqiqatni toxtiting, ularni chüshen'genséri, ular heqqide bilidighanliringiz qanche köpeygenséri shunche könglingiz yérim bolidu..." U gépining axirini yutuwetken idi. Ikkimizning söhbiti ashundaq köngülsiz ayaqlashqini hélimu ésimde... Mana bügün ularning öz qismetlirini xulasiligen bir kitabni oqup tügettim. Bu kitabni bashlighinimgha bir ay bolghan bolup, bügün toluq tügettim, deslepki künlerde lughetning yardimide chüshenmigen sözlüklerge belge urup, yénigha terjimisini yézip mangghan idim, emma kitabqa bolghan qattiq bérilishim kéyinki chaghlarda uchrighan yéngi sozlernimu tashlap kétidighan haletke yetküzdi, esli yerlik ahalidin bolghan aptorning chongqur hayajan, ajayip semimiylik bilen yazghan her bir jümlisi méni özige qattiq jelp qilghan idi. Bu kitapning aptori T.C.Mc Luhan bolup, U 1971- yili «Touch The Earth» («Zéminni Quchaghlash» yaki «Yerni Tutiwélish» dégen menide terjime qilish mumkin) dégen namda bu kitabni yézip püttürgendin kéyin shu yili Amérikida «Halliday Lithographic Corporation» neshriyati teripidin tunji qétim neshr qilin'ghan, 1972- yili 1-ayghiche bu kitab 6 qétim qayta neshr qilin'ghan bolup, shu yili Amérikiliqlar eng qarshi alidighan kitabqa aylan'ghan, shimaliy Amérika qit'eside Amérika we Kanadada bu kitab eng bazarliq kitab bolup qalghan! Ajayip güzel nesriy til bilen yézilghan bu kitabta Amérikidiki bu yerlik ahale Yawropa köchmenlirining tili boyiche "Indianlar"ning, yéngi köchmenler "Aqlar" teripidin qandaq qirghin qilin'ghanliqi, ularning eslidiki örp-adet we medeniyitining qandaq kemsitilgenliki, ular nechche ming yildin buyan tiriship berpa qilghan barliq bayliqlirining yéngi köchmenler teripidin qandaq bulang-talang qilin'ghanliqi, ular qedirligen ular ezizligen bu zéminnning "Yawropa kochmenliri"ning köplep boz yer échishi, tériqchiliq qilishi netijiside qaqasliqqa aylan'ghanliqi, derexlerning késilip, ular qedirleydighan, téwinidighan "Orman Ilahi"ning, bu zémindin kétip qalghanliqi, ular étiqad qilidighan "Aq bürküt"ning bu zéminni tashlap ketkenliki, ular qedirleydighan, ulargha hayatliq bexsh etken ana derya Missisipi we Amazon deryalirining qandaqlarche apet deryalirigha aylan'ghanliqi,Ular muqeddes bilidighan Rokky téghining toxtimay qézilish netijiside quruqdalghanliqi aptorning qan-yash bilen pütülgen her bir sözide, köngülni lal qilghudek ibariler bilen bayan qilin'ghan idi... Aptor kitabining muqeddimisini shundaq bashlaydu: "Biz ezeldin muhtajliq we acharchiliq azabini tartip baqmighan iduq... Rokky téghi we Missisipi deryasi bizge tügimes béliqlar, shirin méwiler, temlik purchaq, kawa, tatliq üzüm we qonaqlarni béretti... anilirimiz méwilerdin shirin sherbetlerni teyyarlayti... kentlirimiz orman arisida,"Orman Ilahi" ormanliqtiki barliq haywanat uchar qushlarni_Bizning dostlirimizni we bizni öz panahida saqlaytti, biz ashu güzel ormanliqta ana derya boyida, Rokky téghi baghrida qushlarning naxshisigha jör bolup ormanliqtiki dostlirimiz éyiq, yilpizlar bilen dost bolup xatirjem inaq yashayttuq... Biz shunche ghemsiz iduq..." "...Ular keldi.." aqlar "keldi... biz "Kürke toxo "kawipi bilen ularni méhman qilduq,"shaman"lirimiz ularning késilini dawalidi, ularni issiq chedirlirimizgha bashliduq, méhman qilduq, küttüq... ular minnetdar bolup issiq yashlirini töküshti... bu yaxshiliqimizni menggü untumaydighanliqini wede qilishti...Toghra, ular bu yaxshiliqimizni zadila untup qalmidi, 400 yildin buyan her yili "teshekkür bayrimi " ötküzüp kélishiwatidu, 11- ayning 4- küni ular üchün muqeddes kün, ular "Kürke toxo" yéyish arqiliq yerlik xelqlerge bolghan minnetdarliqini hélimu bildürüp külishiwatidu! "...Emma kéyin ular türkümlep -türkümlep bu zémin'gha köchüp kelishti, deslep bizdin olturghudek öy, qorsiqi toyghudek tamaq soridi... biz qonaq, purchaq, kawa, beliq, tügünek bilen ularning qorsiqini toyghuzduq... anilirimiz we ayallirimiz ulargha kendir we qoy yungidin issiq ediyallarni toqup berdi, erlirimiz ulargha kala térisidin issiq chédirlarni qurup berdi... Emma emma ular ormanliqtiki derexlirimizni kesmekchi bolushti... bu derexlerdin heshemetlik öylerni yasaydighanliqini déyishti... biz "orman Ilahi "ghezeplinidu, undaq qilmanglar "déduq, ular unimidi, derexlerni kesti, ot-chöp gül-giyahlarni cheylidi... orman bizning ejdatlirimizning öyliri idi... ejdatlirimiz ormanlar arisida ashu her bir tüp derexte bizge meggülük hemrah idi... ejdatlar rohi qorundi... orman ilahi ghezeplendi, gül-giyahlar yighlidi... ular ormanliqtiki doslirimizni haywanatlarni rehimsizlik bilen owlidi, ularni tutup yéyishke bashlidi... zémin bu qirghinchiliqni kötürelmidi... zimin yash tökti... apet yétip kelgen idi... Biz ularning bu qilmishidin yirgenduq... ulargha deslep nesihet qilduq anglimidi, yalwurduq ular perwa qilmidi, nihayet ular bizge bu zéminni özlirige bérishimizni bu yerdin yiraqqa, yenimu yiraqqa kétishni buyrudi... biz heyran qalduq... ésenkiriduq... ghezeplenduq... zéminimiz üchün, muqqeddes Rokky téghi üchün, orman ilahi üchün, derya animiz üchün ular bilen élishtuq, qanlirimiz derya bolup aqti... ana zéminimiz azab ichide ingridi... biz orman ilahidin yiraqqa, yiraq chöllerge kétishke mejbur bolduq.... Ular bizdin téchliq telep qilishti... bizge yéngi makan, yéngi zimin hazirlap bérishti... emma bizning bu yerni yaqturidighan yaki yaqturmaydighanlighimizni sorapmu qoyushmidi... Bizni mushu jayda mushu yéngi makanda yuwashliq bilen ularning buyruqlirini anglishimizni ulargha sejde qilishimizni telep qilishti... bizge özliri élip kelgen "medeniy el"ning turmush aditini ögetmekchi, özliridek yashihimizni, ulardek zuwanda sözlishishimizni, ulardek ghizalinishimizni telep qilishti..." Kitabtiki her bir jümle, her bir söz yürekni ézetti... shu tap köz aldimgha ana derya Tarim deryasi, Ana makan Teklimakan, Ili deryasi,Tengri téghimiz kélishke bashlidi.Tarim wadisidiki Altunreng toghraqlarning boz yer échilip "kéwez térish üchün késilgen chaghdiki dehshetlik menzire, Qanas köli boyidiki exletke tolghan qarighayliqlar,Telke taghliri ichidiki kolan'ghan méhrigiyah, chüchükbuyilar, qumliship ketken Tarim wadisi, Süyi qurughan Lopnur köli... gewdilinishke bashlidi! Shundaq, bizmu ana deryani muqeddes bilettuq, su ilahigha choqunattuq, chünki u pakliqning simwoli idi, Tengrini muqeddes bilettuq, shunga taghlirimizni qedirlep "Tengri Téghi" dep atayttuq, orman ilahidin eyminettuq, shunga derexlirimizni kesmeyttuq... Towa, oxshumighan millet, ohshimighan medeniyet qatlimi, emma oxshash etiqad, oxshash pishika, oxshshash teqdir!.... Kitabtiki her bir bayan méni özige esir qiliwalghan idi, aptor yéqinqi 200 yildin buyan Amérikida yüz bergen her bir tarixiy weqeni izah sheklide bash qurda bérip, arqidin ashu mezgildiki "Indianlar"ning bu xil qismetlerge bolghan inkasini yazghan idi. Nesir sheklide yézilghan bu eser "Indian"larning qan-yash bilen pütülgen tarixi idi. Ular özlirining néme üchün bu xil qismetke duchar bolghanliqi heqqide izden'gen, buning sewebini tépishqa tirishqan idi. Shundaq, kitab méni özige jelp qiliwaldi. Xiyal keptirim Indianlar turmushidin halqip wetinimge, Uyghur ''elige ketken idi... tarix rehimsiz, u kishilerge her xil qismetlerni ata qilidu, emma kishilerning teqdiri öz qolida, milletning teqdiri, kélechiki öz qolida... Mesile ashu türlük qismetlerge qandaq muamile qilish, duch kéliwatqan, kelkündek yamrap kéliwatqan yat medeniyet aldida özige xas bolghan esli medeniyet, esli étiqatni qandaq saqlap qélish we uni tarix sehnisige mas halda yéngiche roh bilen sughirish mesilisi bolsa kérek.
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (5 )
3. Indianlar Bilen Uyghur Ejdatliri Ottursida Qanchilik Baghlinish Bar?
Bir küni men sawaqdishim Elon'gha özümning Indianlar bilen Uyghurlarning étiqad we bashqa jehettiki bezi oxshashliqliri heqqide izdiniwatqinimni sözlep berginimde u qayil bolmighan halda: "Rastmu? Siz ularning ottursida baghlinish bar dep qaramsiz?..." dep sorighan idi. Uning shu chaghdiki qayil bolmighan eshu haliti hélimu köz aldimda turuptu. "Untup qalmang, Amérika Indianliri Sibériyidin kelgen!" Men étiraz bildürdüm, "Qedimqi Sibériye bizning yiraq ejdadlirimiz paaliyet élip barghan zémin!" "Shundaq "Amérika Indianaliri"10 ming yillar ilgiri rastla Sibériyedin kelgen, buni menmu tarix kitablardin oqughan, emma chüshenmeydighinim, Ular bilen silerning Uyghurlarning otturisida zadi qandaq baghlinish bar? Buni ispatlimaq tes, shundaqmu?" "Toghra deysiz, 10 ming yillar ilgiriki insanlar topi bilen hazirqi insaniyet otturisida elwette nurghunlighan sirliq hikmetler yoshurun'ghan, ularni biwasite ejdad we ewladliq munasiwiti bilen baghlighili bolmaydu elwette! Lékin ular ottursidiki, étiqad, turmush aditi we medeniyet jehetlerdiki bezi oxshashliqlar kishini heyran qalduridu. Bu mesile yalghuz menla emes, belki nurghun kishiler qiziqiwatqan, tégige yételmeywatqan sir déyishke bolidu." Shu küni uning yénidin qaytipla udul kutupxanigha bardim. Indianlar tarixi, ularning étnik menbesi heqqidiki kitablarni izdeshke bashlidim. Ulargha bolghan qiziqish méni özige esir qiliwalghan bolup, ular heqqidiki herqandaq maqalini oquyttum. Belkim bu méning ular bilen yiraq ejdadlirimiz otturisidiki oxshashliqni tépip chiqish istikim sewebidin bolsa kérek! Hazirqi zaman medeniyet alimidiki kishiler qedimqi Sibériyeni "Bosh makan" "Yawayilar Zémini"dep qarashmaqta. Eger biz bu makanning 10 ming yillar ilgiri hetta 20 ming yillar ilgiriki "Gheyri Resmi Tarixi" (Epsanilar dunyasi) gha nezer salidighan bolsaq, ularning eyni dewrdiki yashash muhiti bizning diqqitimizni tartidu. Dunya jamaetchiliki teripidin insaniyet medeniyitining böshükliri dep qaralghan "Qedimqi Misir" , "Qedimqi Babil" qatarliq medeniyet yurtlirida Insan özining shanliq medeniyetlirini yaratqinida "Sibériyilikler" elwette özige xas yashash usulini yaratqanliqini, ularning özige xas özgiche medeniyet chembiriki qurghanliqini inkar qilalmaymiz elwette! Ularning hazirqi Ural-Altay tilliri türkümidiki xelqlerning étiqat aditidiki tebietni muqeddes bilish qarishi, Shamanlarning yardimide özliri muqeddes bilip kelgen eshu Ilahlar bilen alaqilishish istekliri, bir-birige tolimu yéqin bolghan folklor epsane -qoshaqliri, qedimqi turmush we ishlepchiqirish aditining, eyni dewr kishilirining psixikisining, ularning bedii qarishining büyük namayendisi bolghan "Qiya tash resimliri"... qatarliqlar bizni oylandurmay qoymaydu. Mana bu insanlar türkümining bir qismi buningdin texminen 10 ming~20 ming yillar ilgiri Asiya bilen Amérikining eng yéqin ikki tumshuqi _"Uzulush" muzluqi arqiliq Alyaska we shimaliy Amérika, kéyinche jenubiy Amérikigha yötkelgen, ular bu zéminda shanliq "Maya medeniyiti" "Olmik medeniyiti" "Teotwakan Medeniyiti” qatarliq ajayip medeniyet tiplirini yaratti. "Tiotwakan medeniyiti"ge tewe bolghan Piramidalarning qurulush uslubi bilen Misir el-ehramning qurulushidiki shu qeder yéqinliqlar, bu yerdiki Tengri namigha sizilghan resimler bilen Fransiyediki "Altamara ghar sizmiliri" "Ispaniyidiki "Rosko Ghar sizmiliri" qatarliqlar otturisidiki shu qeder oxshashliqlar ene shu eng qedimki medeniyet iznaliri bolup, hazirqi zaman alimliri téxiche bular otturisidiki sirliq baghlinishning tégige yételmey ularni "Alem ademliri" "Derijidin tashqiri eqilliq ademler" yaratqan medeniyet dep teripleshmekte. Insaniyet medeniyet qatlimining birinchi irasigha tewe bolghan bu medeniyet izliri "Amérika Indianliri"ning bu zéminning esli igiliri bolghan 100 ligen qebilining ( emeliyette bu zémindiki yerlik qebililer 500 din ashidighan bolup, 19- esirge kelgende bulardin peqet 6 qebilila özining musteqil medeniyet haliltini, millet bolup turush iqtidarini saqlap qalallighan!) özgiche medeniyet milodiyisi déyish mumkin!
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (6 )
Emdi ular bilen qedimqi Altay -Ural medeniyet tipige tewe bolghan, qedimqi "Atliqlar Medeniyiti"ning yaratquchiliri bolghan dunya jamaetchiliki teripidin "Hunlar" dep qarilip kéliwatqan yiraq ejdatlirimizni baghlash mumkinchiki bolamdu-qandaq? Sibériyede, Mongghul dalalirida miladidin 3000~1000 yillar ilgiri paaliyet élip bérishqan Altay-Oral tili sestimisi"da sözlishidighan bu xelqler emeliyette hazirqi Türki tilliq xelqlerning ejdadidur. Hunlarning étnik menbesi heqqide gerche hazirghiche talash -tartishlar boluwatqan bolsimu, lékin ularni eshu qedimqi "Sibérliqlar"ning yiraq ewladliri ikenliki heqqidiki qarash yenila birlikke kelgen idi. Buni nurghun tarixchilar öz tetqiqatlirida ispatlashqan idi! Undaq bolsa "Amérika Indianliri" bilen "Hunlar"ning esli ejdadi bir bolushi mumkin dégen xulasini chiqirish imkaniyiti bolamdu- qandaq? Mana bu mesililer taki hélighiche talash-tartish ichide turiwatqan mesililer xalas! Emma méning yenila "Amérika Indianliri" bilen merkizi Asiya xelqlirini baghlighim kélidu
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (7 )
4.Indianlar Teqdiridin Tughulghan Hislar
Hörmetlik oqurmen, belkim méni néme üchün Indianlar heqqide toxtimay sözleydighandur dep oylawatqandursiz. Shundaq, méning ular heqqide sözligüm, ularni bilgüm, chüshen'güm we buni wetendiki yash dostlirimgha sun'ghum bar. "Amérika Indianliri" turmushidiki bir alahidilik ular tebietke eng yéqin kishilerdur. Tebietke bolghan hörmet, tebietke bolghan muhebbet, tebietke bolghan sadaqet, tebietke bolghan cheksiz étiqad ularning jismi hem rohigha singip ketken déyishke bolidu! Tebietke bolghan bu qeder méhr-muhebbet ulargha ata-bowiliridin_____Sibériyeliklerdin miras qalghan bolup, ulardiki bu xil étiqad hélimu hem ularning turmushida öz ipadisini tépip turuptu. Ularning hazirqi ewladliri gerche bir pütün mukemmel millet bolup turush imtiyazidin ayrilghan, özige xas tilini yoqatqan halette bolsimu, emma bu kishilerdiki ejdatliridin qalghan eshu xil eqide, roh téxi yoqalmaptu! Tebietke bolghan cheksiz séghinish, muhebbet, étiqat hélimu ularning turmushida öz ipadisini tépip turuptu. Yaq, méningche ulardiki tebietke bolghan étiqad herqandaq bir el, milletke qarighanda shu qeder mukemmel saqlan'ghan iken. Men ularning turmushi hem örp-adetliri teswirlen'gen kitablarni, vidéolarni shundaqla ularning bügünki ewladlirining Amérikida ötküzgen xilmu-xil bayram -murasimliridin buni téximu chongqur his qilishqa bashlidim. Amérikida "Amérika Indianliri"gha ait tor betliridin yüzche bar bolup, men köprek, , <101>. qatarliq 10 gha yéqin tor betlirini ziyaret qilip turimen, bu tor betliride hazirqi Indianlargha ait kündilik xewerler, ularning bayramliri, kündilik paaliyetliri, turmush adetliri, senet paaliyetliri qatarliqlar nuqtiliq tonushturulidu. Morganning «Qedimqi Jem'iyet» dégen kitabida teswerlen'ginidek, ular hélimu Quyashni muqeddes bilishidu; "Ay Ilahi"gha téwinidu; Yultuzlarning jaylashqan ornigha we yötkilishige qarap kishilerning teqdir-qismetlini belgilishidu, bolghusi ishlardin bisharet bérishidu; "Ejdatlar rohi"din medet tileydu; özliri muqeddes dep qarighan Taghlarda "Thagh muekkili"sheripige türlük tebriklesh paaliyetlirini élip baridu; "Orman ilahi" we "Su ilahi"gha atap nezirler qilishidiken. Men tor béketliridin ularning bayramlirigha ait höjjetlik filimlerni körüp turimen. Bultur 7- ayda ularning "pow-pow ussuli musabiqisi"gha ait bir filimni kördüm. Her yili 5- ay mezgilide Kaliforniye shitatidiki Indianlar arisida "Qushlar ussuli" (" Pow-Pow usuli") paaliyiti élip bérilidighan bolup, Herqaysi jaylardin kelgen Indianlar bu shitatqa yighilip ussul musabiqisi ötküzidu, adette bu paaliyet birer hepte dawamlishidiken, men bu ussulning muzika ritimini anglighinimda köz aldimgha bizning Turpanning "Nazirkom ussuli" bilen Qumulning "Toxo ussuli "keldi. Ularning ussul oynighan chaghdiki yasinishi, qiyapiti xuddi "Qizil xoraz"ni eslitetti... Elwette, Qumul rayonida "Toxu ussulini oynighan chaghda kishiler hélimu xorazgha oxshaydighan niqaplarni taqishidu, emma Indianlarda bu ussulni oynighan chaghdiki niqapliri beeyni "Bazghip turghan Xoraz"ning özi déyishke bolatti. Filimni körüp bolghandin kéyin ulargha bolghan qiziqishim téximu kücheydi, shu haman özüm izdiniwatqan "Uyghurlarning Niqabliq ussulliri" ésimge keldi, men Turpanning "Nazirkom ussuli", Qumulning "Toxu ussuli" we Ili déhqanliri arisida hélimu toy-tökün meshreplerde oynilip kélidighan"Jeren ussuli" "Ghaz oyuni" "Töge oyuni""Bürgem lepiri"...qatarliqlardda ipadilen'gen "Tebiet etiqadchiliqi" ésimge keldi..." Bularning esli menbesini sélishturushqa ortaqlashturushqa bolamdu-qandaq?" bu soal kallamgha kiriwaldi we bu heqte izdinishke bashlidim... Belkim, bu heqtiki izdinishimni kéyinrek wetende chiqidighan örp-adetke dair jornallarda élan qilishim mumkin. Uyghurlardiki kündilik turmushta ipadilinip turidighan quyashni we ayni ulughlash; yultuzlargha qarap pal échish; Muqedes taghlargha choqunush; Yada tash eqidisi; Zor derexlerni muqeddes bilish; suni pakliqning nishani qilish; Tupraqni ulaghlash; Tuzni muqeddes bilish, nanni ulughlash; Erwahlar rohigha atap "yagh puritish"... qatarliq étiqad adetlirini "Indianlargha oxshitish " mumkinmu qandaq ?!
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (8 )
Hésabsiz soallar méni Indianlar heqqide izdinishke, ular bilen Uyghurlarning turmush adetliri otturisidin melum baghlinishlarni tépip chiqishqa ündeytti. Men oqup tügetken kitabni qayta qolumgha aldim, aptorning bayanidin burun sitat süpitide bérilgen "Yawropa Köchmenliri"ning "YerlikMilletler"ni qirghin qilghan, basturghan waqti heqqidiki bayanlarni qayta oqushqa bashlidim. Oqughanséri, ularning eyni chaghda duch kelgen qismetlirimening shunche hisdashliqimni qozghaytti, aptorning köz-yashliri bedilige pütken her bir jümlisi yürek tarimni chéketti, her bir bayani méni öz yurtumgha élip kétetti, millitim béshidin ötküzgen tarix sehipiliri köz aldimda gewdilinetti. "Uyghurlarni bügünki haletke qaldurghan nerse zadi néme?" "Uyghurlar néme üchün dunya xelqi bilen teng qedemde mangalmaywatidu?" "Uyghurlarnéme üchün pen-téxnikida dunyada yétekchilik orun'gha ötelmidi?" " Eyni yillirida yétekchi orunda turghan Uyghurlar néme üchün hazirqi weziyette shu qeder passip haletke chüshüp qaldi?" "Uyghurlar eqliy jehette bashqilardin töwenmu?" "Uyghurlar muteessipmu? " "Uyghurlarda izdinish rohi kemchilmu?" "Uyghurlarda yéngiliqni qobul qilish xahishi rastinla ajizmu?" "Qosh tilliq maarip oqutushi Uyghurlarni yéngiche tereqiyat yönülüshige bashlap kirelemdu?..." Nurghunlighan tegsiz soallar méni lerzige salatti... Amérika qit'esige Yawropa köchmenliri kélishtin ilgiri yerlik xelqler ormanlar qaplan'ghan bu zéminda "Orman Ilahi", "Tagh muekkili" "Su ilahi"... qatarliqlarning panahida, "Shaman"larning ilahi naxshilirigha jör bolup, eshu tügimes bayliqlarni ata qilghan bu munbet zéminda xatirjem yashighan idi... Bu xil xatirjem, bayashat turmush, ularni ghemsiz, öz nésiwisige shükri qilidighan qanaetchan, horun, hetta hoshyarliqini yoqatqan eshundaq bir haletke keltürüp qoyghan, shunga ular Kolombu bu quruqluqqa yétip kelginide uni eziz méhmini süpitide qarshi alghan, u we uning dostlirini eng shirin taamlar bilen, cheksiz hörmet we iptixar ichide méhman qilghan, ular élip kelgen ajayibatlar ularning eqlini lal qilghan, ularni öz tengriliri ewetken "Muqeddes Kishiler" dep béshida kötürgen... Nihayet, yillar ötüp Kolumbuning dostliri uning izini bésip bu zémin'gha köplep kélishke bashlighan,yerlik kishiler yenila shu qeder méhmandostluqi bilen ularni qarshi alghan, ulargha panahliq jay bergen, ulargha ajayip semimiy dostluq muhebbetlirini yetküzgen!! Lékin, bu "Köchmenler" axirqi hésapta ularni ümidsizlendürüshke bashlighan, hetta axiri ular muqeddes bilgen nersilerni weyran qilishqa bashlighan... hetta ularni bu zémindin köchüshke, chöllerge kétishke mejburlighan! Aptor bu heqtiki bayanini shundaq yazidu: "Rehmet sizlerning bu zémingha qedem basqiningizlargha, bizge hem yéngi makan tépip bergininglargha alemche teshekkür! Emma, biz yéngi makan, yéngi zémin'gha muhtaj emesmiz!! ("We thank you coming here to talkto us in a way......We want this place and not any other....") " Biz üchün bashqa héchqandaq jay yoqtur, biz séning bizge bashqa zémin bérishingge muhtaj emesmiz" ("There is no other place for us. We do not want you to buy any other place.") Shundaq, lékin ular axir yenila öz zéminliridin, munbet yerliridin, ormanliridin, muqeddes taghliridin, ana deryadin ayrilip qalghan, ularning "orman ilahi" "thagh muekkili" "ana derya" ormanliqtiki "ejdatliar rohi" ularni qoghdap qalalmighan... Amérikining shu chaghdiki yerlik hökümiti, prézidénti ularni "tinchliq shertnamisi"ge qol qoyushqa mejburlighan, 1833- yili "Amérika hökümiti" bilen "Yerlik Qebililer ittipaqi"otturisida kélishim imzalinip, ular mejburiy halda gherpke yenimu gherpke köchüshke mejbur bolghan, emma eyni chaghda yerlik xelqler buninggha bolghan qattiq naraziliqini ipadiligen. "Let the Government be glad and proud. It can kill us.We do not fight. We do what it says. If we cannot live here, we want to go into the mountains and die. We do not want any other home."... Elwette, Amérika hökümiti, Yawropa köchmenlirining kéyinki ewladliri __ bügünki "Amérika xelqi" Indianlardin kechürüm soridi, ulargha özlirining eshu yolsizliqliri, hem qirghiliqliri üchün namaqul bolushti! Lékin erzimdu?! Bu qebililer, Amérikining esli xojayinliri, dunya medeniyitining yene bir qismini yaratqan, tilsimliq dunyasi ichide özgiche étiqat, medeniyet chembirikini qurghan yer sharining yene bir yérimning xojayinliri bolghan 100 din artuq qebile, 100 din artuq til, özgiche étiqat, özgiche ang, özgiche medeniyet qatlimi mushundaq weyran boldi! Bu dunya xezinisi üchün zor bir öksüs, insaniyet medeniyitidiki zor bir yoqitish idi! Dunya elliri buni chüshinip yetkinide, alem sirliri heqqidiki tetqiqatini chongqurlashturghinida, özlirining esli medeniyetini , yiltizini izliginide, bu xil esli medeniyet yiltizini qézip chiqishqa muhtaj bolghinida, bu medeniyet pütünley weyran bolghan, hetta yoqalghan idi.... Mana bu menggü toldurup bolghili bolmas bir boshluqtur. Shundaq, Indianlar dunyaning yene bir medeniyet alimide özige xas medeniyet chembirikini qurghan, özige xas étiqadqa ige bolghan bu insanlar topi mana mushundaq pajielik halda özining bu medeniyet dunyasidiki millet bolup mewjut bolup turush nésiwisidin mushundaq ayrilip qaldi! Elwette bu xil yoqitish peqet ulargha nisbetenla yoqilish teqdiri bolup qalmastin, belki Amérika qit'esining yéngi xojayinliri "Yawropa Köchmenliri" üchünmu bir zor yoqitish bolup qalghan idi. Dunya medeniyiti rengga-reng medeniyet idi, dunyadiki étiqad özining köp xilliqi, özgichiliki, xasliqi, sirliqliqi... bilen tilsimlargha tolghan bu medeniyet alimimizde julalinip turatti; Insaniyet özining eshu xil bir-birige oxshimighan medeniyet, étiqad, til, psixika... we yene qandaqtur xisletliri bilen möjizatlar dunyasida julalinip turatti... Epsus, epsus... insaniyet bu hikmetni chüshinip yetkinide, Amérikining yéngi xojayinliri bu zéminda Indianlarning eshu "yerlik kishiler" __ bu zéminning esli xojayinlirining bolmisa bolmaydighanliqini chüshinip yetkinide, öz xataliqlirini tonughinida, öz qilmishliri üchün ökün'ginide bolsa, bu zéminning esli igiliri qutquzup bolghili bolmaydighan derijide shu qeder xarablashqan, shu qeder chüshkünleshken idiki, ular emdi özlirining kimlikini, özlirining bu zémindiki hoquqliri hem mejburiyetlirini alliqachan untup ketken, esli zatini bilmes bolghan, étiqadini yoqatqan, telwileshken, ümidsizleshken haletke yetken idi! Eyni dewrde bu zéminda ular yaratqan tilsimliq medeniyet tilsim boyiche qélip qaldi. Mana emdi ular yasighan büyük imaretler __ El-éhramlar, qesirler; Insaniyetning hazirqi medeniyet alimide téxi wujutqa chiqmighan, alem sirliri mujessemlen'gen sirliq resimler, heykeller; ularning özige xas étiqadi we bu étiqadning menbesi; ular yaratqan shanliq medeniyet tarixi... Özining kimliki, özining eslini izdewatqan bügünki medeniyet alimidiki kishiler üchün menggü échilmas sir bolup qalghan idi! Chünki "Yawropa köchmenliri" eyni chaghda köz aldidiki eshu paydisi üchün, bu zémin üchn, özining toymas nepsi üchün ularni rehimsizlerche dehshetlik qirghin qilghan, Missisipi we Amazon deryalirigha ularning qéni sel bolup qoshulghan, Rokky taghliri arisida ularning échinishliq eks sadaliri qalghan; Michigan köli boyida ularning tügimes naliliri béliqlarning hisdashliqini qozghighan; ularning muqeddes ilahliri "Orman ilahi" "Tagh muekkili" "ejdatlar roh" liri ularning nalilirige chidimastin ah urghan idi.... emma "orman ilahi"ularni qutquzup qalalmidi, "Tagh muekkili" ulargha yardem bérelmidi; Missisipi deryasi ularning qanlirida tolghinip aqti... Shundaq, esli ularning hemme némisi bar idi, ular bayashat idi, ular shad-xoram bextlik idi, ular héchnémige muhtaj emes idi, ular ghemsiz idi; ular héchkimgimu yalwurmayti, mushu zéminda "orman Ilahi"ning panahliqida "ejdatlar rohi"ning medet bérishi we hemrahliqida erkin yashaymiz dep oylishatti... Mana bu halet ularni ghemsiz qilip qoyghan, rahet-paraghet ularni horun qilip qoyghan, esirler boyi dawamlashqan tinch hayat ularning hoshyarliqini yoqatqan; Insaniyet medeniyet alimidin yiraq bir qutupta yashawatqan bu aqköngül, méhmandost kishiler shunchilik bixutlashqanki, özlirige xewpning yéqinlap kéliwatqinini esla sezmigen, uyqu ichide shirin chüshlirini körüp bixiraman yashighan! Aqiwet, aqiwet ular hemmidin ayrilip qaldi! Qisqighina 200 yil ichide ular medeniyet alimidin yitip ketti! Ularning barliqigha ige bolghan achköz qérindashliri bu zéminning "yéngi xojayinliri" öz xataliqliri üchün ulardin yénishlap kechürüm sorighinida, ularni bu medeniyet alimige chillighinida ularning rohi "Rokky taghliri" arisida ejdadlirigha hemrah bolghili ketken idi; Ularning qépqalghan ewladliri shunchilik chüshkünleshken, xaraplashqan idiki, ularni chaqirsimu angliyalmighudek, yölisimu ornidin dest turalmighudek halette qalghan idi! Indianlarning qan-yashliq tarixini bilginimdin kéyin, shu heqiqetni chüshinip yettim. Hayat rehimsiz, u riqabetke tolghan bolidu. Yaratqan igemmu "Yaritish mendin, yarilish özüngdin!" dégen iken, tebiet séxiyliq bilen kishilerge alemche bayliqlarni ata qilghan halettimu, kishiler uni qedirlimise, uni qandaq qoghdashni bilmise, öz nésiwisige shükri qilish bilenla ötse, haman bir küni bashqilar uni sizning qolingizdin tartip kétidu... Bu dunya riqabetke tolghan dunya, u sizdin izdinishni, özingizni bilishni, özgilerni hem chüshinishni, jahan hikmetliri heqqide izdinishni, medeniyet alimi bilen teng qedem tashlishingizni telep qilidu; Bu dunya özgermes duinya emes! U özgirip turidu, yéngilinip turidu. Uning igiliri insaniyet özining tirishchanliqi bilen uni özgertidu, yéngilaydu... Emma gep shu yerdiki, kimning eqlini baldurraq ishqa sélishida, bu beygide kimning ozup chiqishida, xalas!
Mihray Abdilim Abral
Muqeddime
Hörmetlik oqurmen, méning bu yazmini yézishim, Uyghurlarning iptidaiy étiqad alahidilikliri bilen melum jehettin ortaqliqi bar bolghan Amérika Indianlirining bügünki pajielik qismetke chüshüp qélishi heqqide deslepki yüzeki qarashlirimni bayan qilish arqiliq, uchqandak tereqqi qiliwatqan bu medeniyet alimide, dewr éqimigha maslashqan halda özimizning milliy kimlikini qandaq saqlap qélish mesiliside eziz qérindashlirim bilen ortaqlishish üchün bolsa kérek.
1. Men Ulargha Némishqa Qiziqip Qaldim?
Amérika Indianlirigha qiziqishim Aliy mektepte oquwatqan chaghlirimdila bashlan'ghan bolup, men Morganning «Qedimqi Jem'iyet» dégen kitabidin Amérika Indianliri heqqidiki deslepki tonushqa ige bolghan idim. Kéyin Folklor kespi boyiche Magistérliq oqushigha qobul qilin'ghinimdin kéyin, méni özige eng jelp qilghini Uyghurlarning iptidaiy étiqad adetliri bayan qilin'ghan matériyallar bolghan idi. Gerche u chaghlarda Uyghurlarning qedimqi étiqadliri heqqide melumat bérilgen matériyallar tolimu az, bu jehettiki tetqiqat téxi izdinish basquchida bolsimu, men özüm tapalighanliki matérial menbeliridin Uyghurlarning iptidaiy étiqadliri bilen deslepki qedemde tonushush imkaniyitige ige bolghan idim. Hetta oqush püttürüsh déssirtatsiyemni Uyghurlarning shaman étiqadi heqqide yazmaqchimu bolghan idim, emma yétekchi oqutquchum proféssor Abdukérim Raxman ependining teklipi bilen «Ili Meshrepliri» heqqidiki emeliy tekshürüshümni yazghan idim. Lékin méning eshu chaghlardila Uyghurlarning Iptidaiy étiqadliri bilen Amérika Indianlirining Shaman étiqadi ottursidiki oxshashliqlardin ular otturisidiki qandaqtur sirliq baghlinishlarni tépip chiqqum kéletti. Az kem 13 yil Folklor kespi boyiche ders ötüsh jeryanida asasliq izdinishim yenila Uyghurlarning étiqadi heqqide boldi we özümning emeliy tekshürüshlirim asasida hazirqi zaman Uyghurlar turmushida saqlinip kéliwatqan Shaman dini étiqadining bezi ipadiliri heqqide birqanche maqalemni élan qilghanmu boldum. Emma bu étiqad ipadilirining menbesi heqqidiki izdinish yenila yüzeki déyishke bolatti. Méning Amérika Indianlirining étiqad alahidiki heqqide téximu jiqraq nersilerni bilgüm, bügünki Amérika Indianlirining heqiqiy turmushi bilen tonushqum kéletti. Nihayet axiri bu pursetkimu érishtim désem bolidu. 2005- yili 10–ayda men Amérikining Indiana shitatidiki Indiana Uniwérsitétigha bir yilliq bilim ashurushqa keldim. Elwette mektepke kelginimdin kéyin méning asasliq izdinish obyéktim yenila Amérika Indianlirining étiqad adetliri, tarixi we zamaniwilashqan bügünki medeniyet alimidiki ularning teqdiri boldi. Emma némisini dey, ular heqqide bilgenlirim qanche jiq bolghanséri könglüm shunche perishan bolidighan bolup qaldim. Men okyanlar atlap, yéqin qérindashlirimdin ayrilip, gerche turmush aditi, medeniyiti oxshimisimu emma étiqati, psixikisi, teqdiri biz bilen oxshiship kétidighan Amérikining bu esli yerlik ahalisi bilen tonushush arzusida bu zémin'gha qedem basqan idim. Toghra, ulargha bolghan qiziqishim bir minutmu toxtap qalghini yoq, néme üchündur tarix sehniside öz rolini yoqitiwatqan, millet süpitide mewjut bolush, hazirqi zaman dunya medeniyitining bir qismigha aylinish hoquqidin ayrilip qalghan bu insanlar topigha shunche méhri-muhebbitim barliqigha bezide heyran qalimen.
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (2 )
2. Qizziqish Izdinish we Munglinish
Men Indianlargha ait tetqiqatlar bilen tonushush imkaniyiti bolarmikin, dégen ümidte awat sheherlerge bérish pursitidin waz kéchip, Amérikining Indiana shitatidiki Bloomington dégen bu kichikkine sheherge kelgen idim, emma bu yerde men körüshni arzu qilghan birmu Indian uchrimidi! Kelgen künümning etisi nashta qiliwétip G ependimdin soridim "Shehiringlarda Indianlarni uchritalarmenmu?" G ependi teejjüp bilen manga qaridi, emma derhal yüzige külke yügürtüp "Bilmekchi bolghiningiz topliship olturaqlashqan Indianlarmu?" dep soridi, "Shundaq méning ular olturaqlashqan jayni bek körgüm bar idi." "Shundaqmu, elwette sizning kespingiz Folklor bolghandin kéyin bu héssiyatingizni chüshinishke bolidu, emma bu sheherde siz dégendek Indian guruppiliri yoq, emma shitatimizda az bir qisim Indianlar bar, lékin ularning özige xas turmush usuli alliqachan özgirip ketken bolushi mumkin." "Bek epsuslinarliq ish boluptu!" Men éghir xursindim. G ependi sözini dawamlashturdi, "Méning bir Indian aghinem bar, Indian tili tetqiqati bilen shughullinidu, uning déyishiche hazir pütkül Amérika qit'eside nahayiti az bir qisim Indianlarla özlirining en'eniwi medeniyitini saqlap qalalaptu, tilini saqlap qalghanlar bolsa téximu az iken". "Rastmu, ehwal shunche éghirmu?" G ependi éghir xursindi "Bu heqiqeten bir chong yoqitish boldi, Amérika qit'esidiki 500 Indian qebilisi ashundaq yoqap ketti!" Men ündimidim, uning keypini téximu buzghum kelmidi. G ependi tuyuqsiz béshini kötürdi-de "Rast, bizning shehirimizde bir Indian résturani bar, u yerde ularning en'eniwi tamaqlirini yéyeleysiz. "Bu gepni anglap könglüm xéli échilip qaldi, "Shundaqmu? emise men kéyinche barsam bolghidek!" Shundaq qilip bu qétimqi söhbitimiz ayaqlashqan boldi, emma mendiki heqiqi Indianlarni körüsh istiki barghanche küchiyip bériwatatti, Amérikining esli igiliri bolghan bu kishilerni bügünki turmush aditini, ularning zamaniwi jem'iyettiki yashash usulini bilgüm bar idi. Mektepning "Folklor Tetqiqat Merkizi"de Indianlar tetqiqati bilen shughullinidighan Proféssorlarni we ularning bir qisim tetqiqat maqalilirini Mektep toridin körgenmu boldum, emma deslepki aylarda til ötkili aldimdiki éghir tosaq bolghachqa, ularning eserlirini chüshinelmidim désemmu bolidu. Rast, kélip ikki ay bolghandighu deymen, bir küni sheher merkizini aylinip yürüp, tuyuqsiz közüm"Indian Résturani" dégen wéwiskigha chüshüp qaldi-de, ixtiyarsiz résturan'gha kirip keldim, kütküchi qiz xush tebessum bilen aldimgha keldi, men ularning tamaq tizimini qolumgha élip eng erzan qorumidin birni körsettim, u bir istakan su bilen bir dane qeghez salfetkini aldimgha epkélip berdi-de, hayal ötmey, bir texse uwutulghan qonaqni epkélip berdi, bu suda pishurulghan qonaq bolup, pemimche yérim bash qonaq bolsa kérek, uni yégen chéghimda Ürümchi kochilirida Tungganlar wélsipit bilen warqirap yürüp satidighan issiq kökwashlar ésimge keldi, emma bu qonaqning temi uninggha hergiz yetmeytti! Chüstin kéyin bolghach, résturanda bashqa xéridar yoq idi, méning xiyal bilen olturghinimni körüp heyran qalghan bolsa kérek, kütküchi qiz mendin soridi "Tamiqimiz tétidimu?" men chöchüp béshimni kötürdüm, "elwette bek mezilik boluptu!" Men balilar ishlitidighan "Mézilik" dégen sözni ishlettim. U méning chet ellik ikenlikimni biliwaldi-de, manga qarap tatliq külümsiridi "Rehmet, daim kélip turung!" "Bolidu, purset bolsila!" Emma tamiqi qimmet bu resturan'gha emdi kélishim mumkin emes idi. Men uning bikar ikenlikini körüp qiziqishimni basalmay soridim. "Siz Indianmu?" U birdem téngirqap turup qaldi-de, andin jawab berdi "Men Meksikiliq, ejdatlirimiz Indian bolsa kérek. "Bughday önglük bu qiz manga shundaq jawab berdi. "Xojayininglarchu, umu Méksikiliqmu? "Shundaq, umu Méksikiliq ..." "Siler qaysi tilni ishlitisiler?" "Biz Ispan tilini ishlitimiz, Bashqilar bizni "Spanishlar" deydu, emma biz Yawropadiki Ispanlargha oxshimaymiz." U toghra dewatatti, bu qizda Yawropa irqigha teelluq héchqandaq izna yoq idi, bughday önglük, közliri chongqur, burni sel yapilaq kelgen bu qiz wetinimizdiki mongghullarni eslitetti. "Xojayininglar Indian tilini bilemdu?" "Bilmise kérek, u daim Ispan tilida sözleydu, xéridarlargha In'gliz tilida sözleymiz". Emdi artuq soal sorishimning orni qalmighan idi. Amérika qit'esidiki shanliq "Maya Medeniyiti"ni yaratqan bu yerlik xelq öz ana tilini pütünley untughan idi!
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (3)
2. Qizziqish Izdinish we Munglinish ( dawami )
Her yili 11-ayning axirqi heptisining peyshenbe küni Amérikiliqlarning "Thanks Giving" deydighan bir bayrimi bolup, menisci "Teshekkür Bayrimi" dégenlik bolidu, bu bayram Amérika hökümet bayrimi bolup, hökümet organliri, mektep qatarliq jaylarning hemmisidila 3 kün dem élish bérilidu, bu küni hemme aililerde "Kürke toxo" yéyishidu, emeliyette bu bayram Yawropa köchmenlirining yerlik Indianlargha bolghan "Namaqulluq küni" déyishkimu bolidu. Hélimu ésimde 11-ayning 24-küni bir Amérikiliq sawaqdishimiz bizni öyige "Kürke Toxo" yéyishke chaqirdi, dastixan üstide bu bayram toghriliq gep bolup qaldi. U bu bayram toghriliq toxtilip "Columbu Amérikigha tunji kelginide, ularni acharchiliq azabidin Indianlar qutquzup qalghan iken, ata-bowilirimiz yerlik xelqning qizghin kütüwélishigha érishken, bizning ejdatlirimiz ularning yardimide hayatliqqa érishken, biz bu künni hergiz untumaymiz!" U biz chet ellik oqughuchilargha qarap sözini dawamlashturdi: "Bizning bu yerde érishken barliqimiz eng awal eshu yerlik xelq Indianlargha tewe, köchmenler ularning bu yaxshiliqini hergiz untumaydu!..." U toxtimay sözleytti, Amérikiliqlarning her yili bu künni qandaq debdebilik xatirileydighanliqini, özlirini bügünki bextke érishtürgen yerlik xelqqe bolghan cheksiz minnetdarliqi... eytawur u ata-bowiliri bolghan Yawropa köchmenlirining Indianlargha bolghan cheksiz minnetdarliqini eng güzel ibariler bilen ipadilewatatti... Uning sözlirini anglighanséri ichim pushushqa bashlidi, uninggha öch bolushqa bashlidim, u sözide özlirining Indianlargha bolghan teshekkürinila sözleytti, Yawropa köchmenlirining yerlik ahalilerge bolghan chongqur muhebbitini ajayip zoq bilen bayan qilatti, emma 200 yil burun ata-bowilirining Indianlarni dehshetlik qirghin qilghini heqqide bolsa zadila toxtalmaytti! Özümning uning öyige méhman bolup kelginimni untughan bolsam kérek, uningdin shundaq soridim "Yawropa köchmenliri yeni silerning ata-bowiliringlar Indianlargha rastla eshundaq dostane muamilide bolghanmidi?" U nahayiti sezgürlük bilen manga qaridi "Elwette, kéyinki chaghlarda ata-bowilirimiz bilen Indianlar otturisida sürkilishler bolghan, Jékson dewride "Tinchliq kelishimi" imzalan’ghandin kéyin ular bilen dostane ötüwatimiz, mana hazir Amérika hökümiti her yili Indianlargha tölem puli béridu". U quwluq bilen manga qarap qoydi, bu nazuk témidin u epchillik bilen özini qachurdi, shundin kéyin Indianlar heqqide gep bolunmidi. Heqiqi Indian medeniyiti bilen tonushush pursitige men qishliq tetil mezgilide érishtim. 12- ayning axirqi heptisi mektep "Milad Bayrimi" we "Yéngi Yil" munasiwiti bilen 20 künlük tetilge qoyup berdi, Washin’gitondiki qérindashlirimning qattiq turuwélishi bilen men Washin’gton’gha dem élishqa bardim, yéngi yilni ötküzüpla, ularning renjishige qarimastin, méhmandarchiliqlarni ret qildim-de, bir hepte waqtimni Muzéylarni körüshke ajrattim, her küni etigen ornumdin turattim-de, métrogha olturup, Muzéylarning échilishigha ülgürüp, sheher merkizige kélettim, taki chüshtin kéyin saet 5 bolghiche muzéy arilap kechte hedem ishtin chüshkende métro bilen öyge qaytattim. Muzéylarning hemmisi heqsiz bolup, Kapitol Xoll etrapida idi, "Amérika Tarixi muzéyi","Alem Qatnishi muzéyi", "Sen’et Muzéyi" "Ösümlük Baghchisi" "Linkolin Xatire öyi" qatarliqlarning hemmisige bardim, manga eng tesir qilghini yenila "Indianlar Muzéyi" boldi, bu muzéy esli "Amérika Tarixi Muzéyi" bilen bille bolup, 2004- yili 7- ayda ayrilip chiqip mexsus bir bina sélin’ghan iken. Men mana mushu jaydila özüm heqiqi arzu qilghan Amérika Indianlirining tarixi, turmush aditi, etiqad alahidiliki qatarliqlar bilen tonushtum déyishim kérek, emma til jehettiki qolaysizliqlar méning téximu chongqur chüshinishimge tosalghu boldi désemmu bolidu, lékin axirqi hésabta men yenila özümni qiynap kelgen soalning jawabini bu yerdin tapqan boldum. Muzéy töt qewet bolup, uning sirqi haliti sizge Tagh arisidiki qiya tashlarni eslitetti, Muzéy aldida qomushlar bilen oralghan bir kölchek bolup, kölchekte yawa ördekler üzüshüp yüretti (Deslep kelginimde bu ördeklerni öy ördeklirimikin dégen idim, emma bir küni muzéy taqalghan chaghda, bu ördeklerning top-topi bilen etraptiki qarighaylar we igiz binalar üstige qarap uchup ketkinini körüp heyran qaldim, bular esli yawa ördekler iken emesmu! Bu ördekler sheher muhitigha obdanla maslashqan idi. Muzéyning 1- qewiti we 3- qewitide kinoxana bolup, bu jayda Indianlargha ait filimler heqsiz qoyulidiken; 2- qewitide kutupxana bolup, Indianlargha ait barliq yazma we éléktironluq qollanmilarni bu jaydin körüsh mumkin iken; 2- qewetning yérimi we 4-qewette mexsus Indianlargha ait maddi buyumlar we ularning tarixi, örp-aditi, étiqad alahidilikliri bayan qilin’ghan sinalghu filimliri qoyulidighan bolup, Amérika hökümiti öz waqtida qanliq qirghin qilghan, rehimsizlik bilen munbet zéminlirini tartiwalghan,hala bügün’ge kelgende yoqilish girdabigha bérip qalghan bu kishilerge alahide méhribanliq körsitip, ularning medeniyitini teshwiq qiliwatqandek qilatti. "Indianlar Muzéyi"da men eyni yillardiki Yawropa köchmenliri bilen Indianlarning munasiwiti heqqidiki bezi tarixiy matériyallargha érishtim disemmu bolidu. Amérika qit'esidiki yerlik qebililer esli 500 din ashidighan bolup 1492-yili Kolumbu we uning hemmrahliri bu zémin'gha qedem basqinida bu yerdiki özgiche ajayip medeniyet, mol bayliq, bolupmu yerlik kishilerdiki tengdishi yoq méhmandosluq ularni qattiq tesirlendürgen. Ene shundin kéyin Yawropaliqlar bu zémin'gha top-topi bilen köchüp kélishke bashlighan. Yillarning ötüshi bilen zidyetmu küchiyip barghan, hayatliq éhtiyaji ular otturisidiki rehimsiz urushni keltürüp chiqarghan.18-esirge kelginide bu urush ewjige chiqqan. Eslidiki 500 qebilidin bu chaghda özining musteqil küchini we medeniyitini saqlap qalalighanlardin Iroquois, Seminoles, Shawnee, Navajo, Lakuta Sioux we Cheyenne qebilisidin ibaret 6 chong qebile qalghan bolup, Anderew Jackson (7-nowetlik Prézidént, 1829-1837) dewrige kelgende Amérika hökümiti ular bilen tinchliq kélishimi imzalighan. Emma otturidiki zémin talishish urushliri dawamliq bolup turghan, uning üstige bu 6 qebile otturisidiki öz’ara ziddiyetler küchiyip bérip ularning küchi barghanche ajizlashqan,19-esirge qedem qoyghinida bolsa ular özlirining xas medeniyitini yoqitip axirqi hésabta köchmenler élip kelgen Yawropa medeniyiti teripidin teltöküs assimilatsiye bolushqa qedem qoyghan, yillarning ötüshi bilen mana bügünki kün’ge kelgende ularning tili we has medeniyiti pütünley dégidek yoqalghan. Ular heqqidiki xatiriler peqet muzéyxanilardila saqlinip qalghan idi.
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (4 )
2. Qiziqish Izdinish we Munglinish
( dawami ) Elwette, Amérikida bu yerlik insanlar topi heqqide heqiqeten nurghun tetqiqatlar élip bérilghan, sansiz kitablar yézilghan bolup, hazir bu téma Amérikida unche qizghin témilardinmu emes idi. Amérikiliqlarning Indianlar heqqide köp sözligüsi kelmeytti, köpinche kishiler bu témidin özlirini qachuratti. Washin'gitonda muzéylarni arilap yürgen ashu künlirimde, wetende Uyghurlar arisida xéli közge körün'gen, men tolimu hörmetleydighan bir tarixshunas akimiz méning Amérika Indiyanlirining örp-aditige qiziqiwatqinimni anglap, teshebbuskarliq bilen méni izdep keldi we manga"Indianlar heqqide izdiniwétipsiz, heqiqeten bu tolimu yaxshi téma, ular heqqide menmu jiq izden'gen we Uyghurlargha oxshaydighan bezi mesililernimu bayqighan idim, emma kéyin bu tetqiqatimni pütünley toxtattim! Méningche bu témidin özingizni tarting!" Uning pozitsiyesi xélila qattiq idi, men könglüm bir nersini tuyghandek uninggha qaridim, emma yenila qayil bolmighan halda uningdin qayturup soridum "Némishqa undaq deysiz, men ularning "Shaman Dini" étiqadigha ait mezmunlardin Uyghurlarning xelq arisida saqlinip kéliwatqan, bezi étiqat adetliri bilen tolimu yéqin bolghan nersilerni bayqawatimen, hetta ularning bezi "Shaman Ussulliri" beeyni bizning "Baxshilarning pire oynishi"ning özi iken'ghu?!" "Toghra deysiz, belkim siz oylighandinmu jiq mesililerde ular Uyghurlargha oxshiship kétidu... Emma eger méning sözümni ilik alsingiz bu tetqiqatni toxtiting, ularni chüshen'genséri, ular heqqide bilidighanliringiz qanche köpeygenséri shunche könglingiz yérim bolidu..." U gépining axirini yutuwetken idi. Ikkimizning söhbiti ashundaq köngülsiz ayaqlashqini hélimu ésimde... Mana bügün ularning öz qismetlirini xulasiligen bir kitabni oqup tügettim. Bu kitabni bashlighinimgha bir ay bolghan bolup, bügün toluq tügettim, deslepki künlerde lughetning yardimide chüshenmigen sözlüklerge belge urup, yénigha terjimisini yézip mangghan idim, emma kitabqa bolghan qattiq bérilishim kéyinki chaghlarda uchrighan yéngi sozlernimu tashlap kétidighan haletke yetküzdi, esli yerlik ahalidin bolghan aptorning chongqur hayajan, ajayip semimiylik bilen yazghan her bir jümlisi méni özige qattiq jelp qilghan idi. Bu kitapning aptori T.C.Mc Luhan bolup, U 1971- yili «Touch The Earth» («Zéminni Quchaghlash» yaki «Yerni Tutiwélish» dégen menide terjime qilish mumkin) dégen namda bu kitabni yézip püttürgendin kéyin shu yili Amérikida «Halliday Lithographic Corporation» neshriyati teripidin tunji qétim neshr qilin'ghan, 1972- yili 1-ayghiche bu kitab 6 qétim qayta neshr qilin'ghan bolup, shu yili Amérikiliqlar eng qarshi alidighan kitabqa aylan'ghan, shimaliy Amérika qit'eside Amérika we Kanadada bu kitab eng bazarliq kitab bolup qalghan! Ajayip güzel nesriy til bilen yézilghan bu kitabta Amérikidiki bu yerlik ahale Yawropa köchmenlirining tili boyiche "Indianlar"ning, yéngi köchmenler "Aqlar" teripidin qandaq qirghin qilin'ghanliqi, ularning eslidiki örp-adet we medeniyitining qandaq kemsitilgenliki, ular nechche ming yildin buyan tiriship berpa qilghan barliq bayliqlirining yéngi köchmenler teripidin qandaq bulang-talang qilin'ghanliqi, ular qedirligen ular ezizligen bu zéminnning "Yawropa kochmenliri"ning köplep boz yer échishi, tériqchiliq qilishi netijiside qaqasliqqa aylan'ghanliqi, derexlerning késilip, ular qedirleydighan, téwinidighan "Orman Ilahi"ning, bu zémindin kétip qalghanliqi, ular étiqad qilidighan "Aq bürküt"ning bu zéminni tashlap ketkenliki, ular qedirleydighan, ulargha hayatliq bexsh etken ana derya Missisipi we Amazon deryalirining qandaqlarche apet deryalirigha aylan'ghanliqi,Ular muqeddes bilidighan Rokky téghining toxtimay qézilish netijiside quruqdalghanliqi aptorning qan-yash bilen pütülgen her bir sözide, köngülni lal qilghudek ibariler bilen bayan qilin'ghan idi... Aptor kitabining muqeddimisini shundaq bashlaydu: "Biz ezeldin muhtajliq we acharchiliq azabini tartip baqmighan iduq... Rokky téghi we Missisipi deryasi bizge tügimes béliqlar, shirin méwiler, temlik purchaq, kawa, tatliq üzüm we qonaqlarni béretti... anilirimiz méwilerdin shirin sherbetlerni teyyarlayti... kentlirimiz orman arisida,"Orman Ilahi" ormanliqtiki barliq haywanat uchar qushlarni_Bizning dostlirimizni we bizni öz panahida saqlaytti, biz ashu güzel ormanliqta ana derya boyida, Rokky téghi baghrida qushlarning naxshisigha jör bolup ormanliqtiki dostlirimiz éyiq, yilpizlar bilen dost bolup xatirjem inaq yashayttuq... Biz shunche ghemsiz iduq..." "...Ular keldi.." aqlar "keldi... biz "Kürke toxo "kawipi bilen ularni méhman qilduq,"shaman"lirimiz ularning késilini dawalidi, ularni issiq chedirlirimizgha bashliduq, méhman qilduq, küttüq... ular minnetdar bolup issiq yashlirini töküshti... bu yaxshiliqimizni menggü untumaydighanliqini wede qilishti...Toghra, ular bu yaxshiliqimizni zadila untup qalmidi, 400 yildin buyan her yili "teshekkür bayrimi " ötküzüp kélishiwatidu, 11- ayning 4- küni ular üchün muqeddes kün, ular "Kürke toxo" yéyish arqiliq yerlik xelqlerge bolghan minnetdarliqini hélimu bildürüp külishiwatidu! "...Emma kéyin ular türkümlep -türkümlep bu zémin'gha köchüp kelishti, deslep bizdin olturghudek öy, qorsiqi toyghudek tamaq soridi... biz qonaq, purchaq, kawa, beliq, tügünek bilen ularning qorsiqini toyghuzduq... anilirimiz we ayallirimiz ulargha kendir we qoy yungidin issiq ediyallarni toqup berdi, erlirimiz ulargha kala térisidin issiq chédirlarni qurup berdi... Emma emma ular ormanliqtiki derexlirimizni kesmekchi bolushti... bu derexlerdin heshemetlik öylerni yasaydighanliqini déyishti... biz "orman Ilahi "ghezeplinidu, undaq qilmanglar "déduq, ular unimidi, derexlerni kesti, ot-chöp gül-giyahlarni cheylidi... orman bizning ejdatlirimizning öyliri idi... ejdatlirimiz ormanlar arisida ashu her bir tüp derexte bizge meggülük hemrah idi... ejdatlar rohi qorundi... orman ilahi ghezeplendi, gül-giyahlar yighlidi... ular ormanliqtiki doslirimizni haywanatlarni rehimsizlik bilen owlidi, ularni tutup yéyishke bashlidi... zémin bu qirghinchiliqni kötürelmidi... zimin yash tökti... apet yétip kelgen idi... Biz ularning bu qilmishidin yirgenduq... ulargha deslep nesihet qilduq anglimidi, yalwurduq ular perwa qilmidi, nihayet ular bizge bu zéminni özlirige bérishimizni bu yerdin yiraqqa, yenimu yiraqqa kétishni buyrudi... biz heyran qalduq... ésenkiriduq... ghezeplenduq... zéminimiz üchün, muqqeddes Rokky téghi üchün, orman ilahi üchün, derya animiz üchün ular bilen élishtuq, qanlirimiz derya bolup aqti... ana zéminimiz azab ichide ingridi... biz orman ilahidin yiraqqa, yiraq chöllerge kétishke mejbur bolduq.... Ular bizdin téchliq telep qilishti... bizge yéngi makan, yéngi zimin hazirlap bérishti... emma bizning bu yerni yaqturidighan yaki yaqturmaydighanlighimizni sorapmu qoyushmidi... Bizni mushu jayda mushu yéngi makanda yuwashliq bilen ularning buyruqlirini anglishimizni ulargha sejde qilishimizni telep qilishti... bizge özliri élip kelgen "medeniy el"ning turmush aditini ögetmekchi, özliridek yashihimizni, ulardek zuwanda sözlishishimizni, ulardek ghizalinishimizni telep qilishti..." Kitabtiki her bir jümle, her bir söz yürekni ézetti... shu tap köz aldimgha ana derya Tarim deryasi, Ana makan Teklimakan, Ili deryasi,Tengri téghimiz kélishke bashlidi.Tarim wadisidiki Altunreng toghraqlarning boz yer échilip "kéwez térish üchün késilgen chaghdiki dehshetlik menzire, Qanas köli boyidiki exletke tolghan qarighayliqlar,Telke taghliri ichidiki kolan'ghan méhrigiyah, chüchükbuyilar, qumliship ketken Tarim wadisi, Süyi qurughan Lopnur köli... gewdilinishke bashlidi! Shundaq, bizmu ana deryani muqeddes bilettuq, su ilahigha choqunattuq, chünki u pakliqning simwoli idi, Tengrini muqeddes bilettuq, shunga taghlirimizni qedirlep "Tengri Téghi" dep atayttuq, orman ilahidin eyminettuq, shunga derexlirimizni kesmeyttuq... Towa, oxshumighan millet, ohshimighan medeniyet qatlimi, emma oxshash etiqad, oxshash pishika, oxshshash teqdir!.... Kitabtiki her bir bayan méni özige esir qiliwalghan idi, aptor yéqinqi 200 yildin buyan Amérikida yüz bergen her bir tarixiy weqeni izah sheklide bash qurda bérip, arqidin ashu mezgildiki "Indianlar"ning bu xil qismetlerge bolghan inkasini yazghan idi. Nesir sheklide yézilghan bu eser "Indian"larning qan-yash bilen pütülgen tarixi idi. Ular özlirining néme üchün bu xil qismetke duchar bolghanliqi heqqide izden'gen, buning sewebini tépishqa tirishqan idi. Shundaq, kitab méni özige jelp qiliwaldi. Xiyal keptirim Indianlar turmushidin halqip wetinimge, Uyghur ''elige ketken idi... tarix rehimsiz, u kishilerge her xil qismetlerni ata qilidu, emma kishilerning teqdiri öz qolida, milletning teqdiri, kélechiki öz qolida... Mesile ashu türlük qismetlerge qandaq muamile qilish, duch kéliwatqan, kelkündek yamrap kéliwatqan yat medeniyet aldida özige xas bolghan esli medeniyet, esli étiqatni qandaq saqlap qélish we uni tarix sehnisige mas halda yéngiche roh bilen sughirish mesilisi bolsa kérek.
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (5 )
3. Indianlar Bilen Uyghur Ejdatliri Ottursida Qanchilik Baghlinish Bar?
Bir küni men sawaqdishim Elon'gha özümning Indianlar bilen Uyghurlarning étiqad we bashqa jehettiki bezi oxshashliqliri heqqide izdiniwatqinimni sözlep berginimde u qayil bolmighan halda: "Rastmu? Siz ularning ottursida baghlinish bar dep qaramsiz?..." dep sorighan idi. Uning shu chaghdiki qayil bolmighan eshu haliti hélimu köz aldimda turuptu. "Untup qalmang, Amérika Indianliri Sibériyidin kelgen!" Men étiraz bildürdüm, "Qedimqi Sibériye bizning yiraq ejdadlirimiz paaliyet élip barghan zémin!" "Shundaq "Amérika Indianaliri"10 ming yillar ilgiri rastla Sibériyedin kelgen, buni menmu tarix kitablardin oqughan, emma chüshenmeydighinim, Ular bilen silerning Uyghurlarning otturisida zadi qandaq baghlinish bar? Buni ispatlimaq tes, shundaqmu?" "Toghra deysiz, 10 ming yillar ilgiriki insanlar topi bilen hazirqi insaniyet otturisida elwette nurghunlighan sirliq hikmetler yoshurun'ghan, ularni biwasite ejdad we ewladliq munasiwiti bilen baghlighili bolmaydu elwette! Lékin ular ottursidiki, étiqad, turmush aditi we medeniyet jehetlerdiki bezi oxshashliqlar kishini heyran qalduridu. Bu mesile yalghuz menla emes, belki nurghun kishiler qiziqiwatqan, tégige yételmeywatqan sir déyishke bolidu." Shu küni uning yénidin qaytipla udul kutupxanigha bardim. Indianlar tarixi, ularning étnik menbesi heqqidiki kitablarni izdeshke bashlidim. Ulargha bolghan qiziqish méni özige esir qiliwalghan bolup, ular heqqidiki herqandaq maqalini oquyttum. Belkim bu méning ular bilen yiraq ejdadlirimiz otturisidiki oxshashliqni tépip chiqish istikim sewebidin bolsa kérek! Hazirqi zaman medeniyet alimidiki kishiler qedimqi Sibériyeni "Bosh makan" "Yawayilar Zémini"dep qarashmaqta. Eger biz bu makanning 10 ming yillar ilgiri hetta 20 ming yillar ilgiriki "Gheyri Resmi Tarixi" (Epsanilar dunyasi) gha nezer salidighan bolsaq, ularning eyni dewrdiki yashash muhiti bizning diqqitimizni tartidu. Dunya jamaetchiliki teripidin insaniyet medeniyitining böshükliri dep qaralghan "Qedimqi Misir" , "Qedimqi Babil" qatarliq medeniyet yurtlirida Insan özining shanliq medeniyetlirini yaratqinida "Sibériyilikler" elwette özige xas yashash usulini yaratqanliqini, ularning özige xas özgiche medeniyet chembiriki qurghanliqini inkar qilalmaymiz elwette! Ularning hazirqi Ural-Altay tilliri türkümidiki xelqlerning étiqat aditidiki tebietni muqeddes bilish qarishi, Shamanlarning yardimide özliri muqeddes bilip kelgen eshu Ilahlar bilen alaqilishish istekliri, bir-birige tolimu yéqin bolghan folklor epsane -qoshaqliri, qedimqi turmush we ishlepchiqirish aditining, eyni dewr kishilirining psixikisining, ularning bedii qarishining büyük namayendisi bolghan "Qiya tash resimliri"... qatarliqlar bizni oylandurmay qoymaydu. Mana bu insanlar türkümining bir qismi buningdin texminen 10 ming~20 ming yillar ilgiri Asiya bilen Amérikining eng yéqin ikki tumshuqi _"Uzulush" muzluqi arqiliq Alyaska we shimaliy Amérika, kéyinche jenubiy Amérikigha yötkelgen, ular bu zéminda shanliq "Maya medeniyiti" "Olmik medeniyiti" "Teotwakan Medeniyiti” qatarliq ajayip medeniyet tiplirini yaratti. "Tiotwakan medeniyiti"ge tewe bolghan Piramidalarning qurulush uslubi bilen Misir el-ehramning qurulushidiki shu qeder yéqinliqlar, bu yerdiki Tengri namigha sizilghan resimler bilen Fransiyediki "Altamara ghar sizmiliri" "Ispaniyidiki "Rosko Ghar sizmiliri" qatarliqlar otturisidiki shu qeder oxshashliqlar ene shu eng qedimki medeniyet iznaliri bolup, hazirqi zaman alimliri téxiche bular otturisidiki sirliq baghlinishning tégige yételmey ularni "Alem ademliri" "Derijidin tashqiri eqilliq ademler" yaratqan medeniyet dep teripleshmekte. Insaniyet medeniyet qatlimining birinchi irasigha tewe bolghan bu medeniyet izliri "Amérika Indianliri"ning bu zéminning esli igiliri bolghan 100 ligen qebilining ( emeliyette bu zémindiki yerlik qebililer 500 din ashidighan bolup, 19- esirge kelgende bulardin peqet 6 qebilila özining musteqil medeniyet haliltini, millet bolup turush iqtidarini saqlap qalallighan!) özgiche medeniyet milodiyisi déyish mumkin!
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (6 )
Emdi ular bilen qedimqi Altay -Ural medeniyet tipige tewe bolghan, qedimqi "Atliqlar Medeniyiti"ning yaratquchiliri bolghan dunya jamaetchiliki teripidin "Hunlar" dep qarilip kéliwatqan yiraq ejdatlirimizni baghlash mumkinchiki bolamdu-qandaq? Sibériyede, Mongghul dalalirida miladidin 3000~1000 yillar ilgiri paaliyet élip bérishqan Altay-Oral tili sestimisi"da sözlishidighan bu xelqler emeliyette hazirqi Türki tilliq xelqlerning ejdadidur. Hunlarning étnik menbesi heqqide gerche hazirghiche talash -tartishlar boluwatqan bolsimu, lékin ularni eshu qedimqi "Sibérliqlar"ning yiraq ewladliri ikenliki heqqidiki qarash yenila birlikke kelgen idi. Buni nurghun tarixchilar öz tetqiqatlirida ispatlashqan idi! Undaq bolsa "Amérika Indianliri" bilen "Hunlar"ning esli ejdadi bir bolushi mumkin dégen xulasini chiqirish imkaniyiti bolamdu- qandaq? Mana bu mesililer taki hélighiche talash-tartish ichide turiwatqan mesililer xalas! Emma méning yenila "Amérika Indianliri" bilen merkizi Asiya xelqlirini baghlighim kélidu
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (7 )
4.Indianlar Teqdiridin Tughulghan Hislar
Hörmetlik oqurmen, belkim méni néme üchün Indianlar heqqide toxtimay sözleydighandur dep oylawatqandursiz. Shundaq, méning ular heqqide sözligüm, ularni bilgüm, chüshen'güm we buni wetendiki yash dostlirimgha sun'ghum bar. "Amérika Indianliri" turmushidiki bir alahidilik ular tebietke eng yéqin kishilerdur. Tebietke bolghan hörmet, tebietke bolghan muhebbet, tebietke bolghan sadaqet, tebietke bolghan cheksiz étiqad ularning jismi hem rohigha singip ketken déyishke bolidu! Tebietke bolghan bu qeder méhr-muhebbet ulargha ata-bowiliridin_____Sibériyeliklerdin miras qalghan bolup, ulardiki bu xil étiqad hélimu hem ularning turmushida öz ipadisini tépip turuptu. Ularning hazirqi ewladliri gerche bir pütün mukemmel millet bolup turush imtiyazidin ayrilghan, özige xas tilini yoqatqan halette bolsimu, emma bu kishilerdiki ejdatliridin qalghan eshu xil eqide, roh téxi yoqalmaptu! Tebietke bolghan cheksiz séghinish, muhebbet, étiqat hélimu ularning turmushida öz ipadisini tépip turuptu. Yaq, méningche ulardiki tebietke bolghan étiqad herqandaq bir el, milletke qarighanda shu qeder mukemmel saqlan'ghan iken. Men ularning turmushi hem örp-adetliri teswirlen'gen kitablarni, vidéolarni shundaqla ularning bügünki ewladlirining Amérikida ötküzgen xilmu-xil bayram -murasimliridin buni téximu chongqur his qilishqa bashlidim. Amérikida "Amérika Indianliri"gha ait tor betliridin yüzche bar bolup, men köprek
Amerika Indianliri Teqdiridin Oylighanlirim (8 )
Hésabsiz soallar méni Indianlar heqqide izdinishke, ular bilen Uyghurlarning turmush adetliri otturisidin melum baghlinishlarni tépip chiqishqa ündeytti. Men oqup tügetken kitabni qayta qolumgha aldim, aptorning bayanidin burun sitat süpitide bérilgen "Yawropa Köchmenliri"ning "YerlikMilletler"ni qirghin qilghan, basturghan waqti heqqidiki bayanlarni qayta oqushqa bashlidim. Oqughanséri, ularning eyni chaghda duch kelgen qismetlirimening shunche hisdashliqimni qozghaytti, aptorning köz-yashliri bedilige pütken her bir jümlisi yürek tarimni chéketti, her bir bayani méni öz yurtumgha élip kétetti, millitim béshidin ötküzgen tarix sehipiliri köz aldimda gewdilinetti. "Uyghurlarni bügünki haletke qaldurghan nerse zadi néme?" "Uyghurlar néme üchün dunya xelqi bilen teng qedemde mangalmaywatidu?" "Uyghurlarnéme üchün pen-téxnikida dunyada yétekchilik orun'gha ötelmidi?" " Eyni yilliri
Uyghur Men Sentenced
(Original reporting by Mihray Abdilim Abral for RFA's Uyghur service )
2009-06-05
Court documents offer a rare glimpse of Chinese legal proceedings against 12 men sentenced for alleged separatism.
AFP
Police check the identity cards of Uyghurs in the city of Kashgar, Aug. 8, 2008.
HONG KONG—A court in China has sentenced 12 men from the mostly Muslim Uyghur ethnic group, detained in a crackdown before the 2008 Beijing Olympics, to jail terms ranging from three years to life for alleged separatist crimes, court documents show.
Ili Intermediate Court in the northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) convicted all 12 men in November 2008, months after they were detained in a so-called “Strike Hard” campaign against ethnic separatism before the August 2008 Olympics, according to a knowledgeable source who asked not to be identified.
The court handed down sentences to the men, all in their 20s and 30s, on March 24, 2009, the source and court documents indicated. Whether they would appeal or had appealed their sentences wasn’t clear.
Experts said that while all were convicted of “splitting the country,” they are likely to have drawn such disparate sentences, ranging from three years to life, based on whether the court perceived them as instigators, organizers, or followers in pursuing separatist aims.
Defendants accused of separatism typically face great difficulty in securing defense lawyers, who regard such cases as all but impossible to win and likely to incur official retaliation, experts say.
We’re not satisfied with this verdict...and we are all so surprised."
Seyitakhun, father of defendant
Closed trial
Seyitakhun, whose son Merdan Seyitakhun was the only defendant to draw a life sentence, said only one person from each defendant’s family was allowed to attend the trial.
He also disputed the charges against them, saying the men—none of whom has more than a middle-school education—were teaching Islam rather than fomenting unrest.
“It was a closed trial. All the parents demanded to be there and then the court allowed one person per family to attend,” he said in an interview.
“The government accused them of teaching religion, engaging in illegal religious activities, of ‘splitting the country ’... We’re not satisfied with this verdict ... and we are all so surprised. They should be punished like this for teaching religion?”
“They weren’t establishing an anti-government organization or using weapons to engage in terrorist acts or blow up buildings—they were teaching morality and religion to youths who had been on the street and teaching them to do good deeds,” Seyitakhun said.
All 12 defendants were identified in the court document as self-employed Uyghur males detained in Ili prefecture’s Gulja county, Gulja city, and Nelka county in 2008. They were identified in court documents as follows:1—Merdan Seyitakhun, Uyghur, male, from Tokhyuz township in Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born Nov. 23, 1973. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Ili city police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to life in prison for “splitting the country.”2—Ahmetjan Emet, Uyghur, male, from Arzu village in Gulja county, with an elementary-school education; born April 18, 1985. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 15 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”3—Mewlanjan Ahmet, Uyghur, male, from Hudiyeryuz village in Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born March 10, 1987. Arrested March 29, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country."4—Kurbanjan Semet, Uyghur, male, from Nelka county, with a middle-school education; born Aug. 27, 1985. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”5—Dolkun Erkin, Uyghur, male, from Kashgar Street in Gulja city, with a middle-school education; born Feb. 22, 1989. Arrested April 16, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”6—Omerjan Mehmet, Uyghur, male, from Kashgar Street in Gulja city, with a middle-school education; born Nov. 15, 1986. Arrested May 7, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”7—Seydehmet Awut, Uyghur, male, from Islamyuz township of Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born July 12, 1971. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”8—Erkin Emet, Uyghur, male, from Arzu village of Gulja county, with an elementary-school education; born March 3, 1973. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”9—Abdujilil Abdughupur, Uyghur, male, from Yengiyer village in Gulja city, with a middle-school education; born July 2, 1988. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to six years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”10—Abdulitip Ablimit, Uyghur, male, from Arzu village in Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born July 1, 1972. Arrested June 5, 2008, by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to six years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”11—Mutelip Rozi, Uyghur, male, from Karadong village of Gulja city, with an elementary-school education; born March 7, 1979. Arrested April 16, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to six years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”12—Ubulkasim, Uyghur, male, from Tokhuchiyuz township of Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born Aug.10, 1980. Arrested April 23, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to three years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”Pre-Olympic crackdown
In the run-up to the Beijing Olympics, officials called publicly last year for a harsh crackdown on what the authorities describe as the “three forces” of terrorism, separatism, and extremism.
China has accused Uyghur separatists of fomenting unrest in the region, particularly in the run-up to and during the Olympics last year when a wave of violence hit the vast desert region.
The violence prompted a crackdown in which the government says 1,295 people were detained for state security crimes, along with tighter curbs on the practice of Islam.
XUAR Party Chief Wang Lequan was quoted in China’s official media as saying the fight against these forces was a “life or death struggle,” and he has spoken since of the need to “strike hard” against ethnic separatism.
In March this year, XUAR Governor Nur Bekri warned in a speech to the National People’s Congress, China’s annual session of parliament, of a “more fierce struggle” against separatist unrest in the region.
Activists have reported wide-scale detentions, arrests, new curbs on religious practices, travel restrictions, and stepped-up controls over free expression.
Long-simmering resentment
Many Uyghurs, who twice enjoyed short-lived independence as the state of East Turkestan during the 1930s and 40s, oppose Beijing’s rule in Xinjiang.
Beijing has long blamed Uyghur separatists for sporadic bombings and other violence in the Xinjiang region. But diplomats and foreign experts are skeptical.
International rights groups have accused Beijing of using the U.S.-led “war on terror” as a pretext to crack down on nonviolent supporters of Uyghur independence.
Original reporting by Mihray for RFA's Uyghur service. Translation by RFA Uyghur service director Dolkun Kamberi. Written and produced in English by Sarah Jackson-Han.
Copyright © 1998-2009 Radio Free Asia. All rights reserved.
http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/sentence-06052009123936.html
2009-06-05
Court documents offer a rare glimpse of Chinese legal proceedings against 12 men sentenced for alleged separatism.
AFP
Police check the identity cards of Uyghurs in the city of Kashgar, Aug. 8, 2008.
HONG KONG—A court in China has sentenced 12 men from the mostly Muslim Uyghur ethnic group, detained in a crackdown before the 2008 Beijing Olympics, to jail terms ranging from three years to life for alleged separatist crimes, court documents show.
Ili Intermediate Court in the northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) convicted all 12 men in November 2008, months after they were detained in a so-called “Strike Hard” campaign against ethnic separatism before the August 2008 Olympics, according to a knowledgeable source who asked not to be identified.
The court handed down sentences to the men, all in their 20s and 30s, on March 24, 2009, the source and court documents indicated. Whether they would appeal or had appealed their sentences wasn’t clear.
Experts said that while all were convicted of “splitting the country,” they are likely to have drawn such disparate sentences, ranging from three years to life, based on whether the court perceived them as instigators, organizers, or followers in pursuing separatist aims.
Defendants accused of separatism typically face great difficulty in securing defense lawyers, who regard such cases as all but impossible to win and likely to incur official retaliation, experts say.
We’re not satisfied with this verdict...and we are all so surprised."
Seyitakhun, father of defendant
Closed trial
Seyitakhun, whose son Merdan Seyitakhun was the only defendant to draw a life sentence, said only one person from each defendant’s family was allowed to attend the trial.
He also disputed the charges against them, saying the men—none of whom has more than a middle-school education—were teaching Islam rather than fomenting unrest.
“It was a closed trial. All the parents demanded to be there and then the court allowed one person per family to attend,” he said in an interview.
“The government accused them of teaching religion, engaging in illegal religious activities, of ‘splitting the country ’... We’re not satisfied with this verdict ... and we are all so surprised. They should be punished like this for teaching religion?”
“They weren’t establishing an anti-government organization or using weapons to engage in terrorist acts or blow up buildings—they were teaching morality and religion to youths who had been on the street and teaching them to do good deeds,” Seyitakhun said.
All 12 defendants were identified in the court document as self-employed Uyghur males detained in Ili prefecture’s Gulja county, Gulja city, and Nelka county in 2008. They were identified in court documents as follows:1—Merdan Seyitakhun, Uyghur, male, from Tokhyuz township in Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born Nov. 23, 1973. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Ili city police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to life in prison for “splitting the country.”2—Ahmetjan Emet, Uyghur, male, from Arzu village in Gulja county, with an elementary-school education; born April 18, 1985. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 15 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”3—Mewlanjan Ahmet, Uyghur, male, from Hudiyeryuz village in Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born March 10, 1987. Arrested March 29, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country."4—Kurbanjan Semet, Uyghur, male, from Nelka county, with a middle-school education; born Aug. 27, 1985. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”5—Dolkun Erkin, Uyghur, male, from Kashgar Street in Gulja city, with a middle-school education; born Feb. 22, 1989. Arrested April 16, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”6—Omerjan Mehmet, Uyghur, male, from Kashgar Street in Gulja city, with a middle-school education; born Nov. 15, 1986. Arrested May 7, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”7—Seydehmet Awut, Uyghur, male, from Islamyuz township of Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born July 12, 1971. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”8—Erkin Emet, Uyghur, male, from Arzu village of Gulja county, with an elementary-school education; born March 3, 1973. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to 10 years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”9—Abdujilil Abdughupur, Uyghur, male, from Yengiyer village in Gulja city, with a middle-school education; born July 2, 1988. Arrested April 14, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to six years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”10—Abdulitip Ablimit, Uyghur, male, from Arzu village in Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born July 1, 1972. Arrested June 5, 2008, by Gulja county police and now held at Gulja county prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to six years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”11—Mutelip Rozi, Uyghur, male, from Karadong village of Gulja city, with an elementary-school education; born March 7, 1979. Arrested April 16, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to six years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”12—Ubulkasim, Uyghur, male, from Tokhuchiyuz township of Gulja county, with a middle-school education; born Aug.10, 1980. Arrested April 23, 2008 by Gulja county police and now held at Ili prefecture prison. Sentenced March 24, 2009 to three years’ imprisonment for “splitting the country.”Pre-Olympic crackdown
In the run-up to the Beijing Olympics, officials called publicly last year for a harsh crackdown on what the authorities describe as the “three forces” of terrorism, separatism, and extremism.
China has accused Uyghur separatists of fomenting unrest in the region, particularly in the run-up to and during the Olympics last year when a wave of violence hit the vast desert region.
The violence prompted a crackdown in which the government says 1,295 people were detained for state security crimes, along with tighter curbs on the practice of Islam.
XUAR Party Chief Wang Lequan was quoted in China’s official media as saying the fight against these forces was a “life or death struggle,” and he has spoken since of the need to “strike hard” against ethnic separatism.
In March this year, XUAR Governor Nur Bekri warned in a speech to the National People’s Congress, China’s annual session of parliament, of a “more fierce struggle” against separatist unrest in the region.
Activists have reported wide-scale detentions, arrests, new curbs on religious practices, travel restrictions, and stepped-up controls over free expression.
Long-simmering resentment
Many Uyghurs, who twice enjoyed short-lived independence as the state of East Turkestan during the 1930s and 40s, oppose Beijing’s rule in Xinjiang.
Beijing has long blamed Uyghur separatists for sporadic bombings and other violence in the Xinjiang region. But diplomats and foreign experts are skeptical.
International rights groups have accused Beijing of using the U.S.-led “war on terror” as a pretext to crack down on nonviolent supporters of Uyghur independence.
Original reporting by Mihray for RFA's Uyghur service. Translation by RFA Uyghur service director Dolkun Kamberi. Written and produced in English by Sarah Jackson-Han.
Copyright © 1998-2009 Radio Free Asia. All rights reserved.
http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/sentence-06052009123936.html
Uyghur Children’s ‘Identities Changed’
(Original reporting by Mihray for RFA’s Uyghur service )
2009-05-22
They're well cared for, staff say, but ethnic Uyghur children are required to assume Chinese identities in a Xinjiang orphanage.
AFP
Uyghur children sit inside the barred window of their home in Xinjiang, Aug. 18, 2000.
HONG KONG—Children belonging to the ethnic Uyghur minority at an orphanage in northwestern China routinely undergo changes of identity in which they assume Chinese names, according to current and former employees.
“When I started working in this institution in 1998, there were about 30 Uyghur children,” Amangul, a former teacher at the Urumchi Welfare Institution for Abandoned Children, said.
“At least 10 of their names and file details were all changed to Chinese,” she added.
She said a Uyghur boy of 10 had his name changed from Turghunjun, denoting his Muslim, Turkic ethnicity, to Wang Bin, a Han Chinese name.
We use only the Chinese language here, and we rename Uyghur children with Chinese names in the case of those who have no family records."
Orphanage worker
A seven-year-old called Alim had his name changed to Xin Xia, while Arzigul, 10, was forced to answer to Li Li.
“There is a record in the archives that shows where they came from,” Amangul said. “The surname represents which province the child is from, while the given name represents which region the child is from.”
An employee who answered the phone at the orphanage confirmed Amangul’s account.
“We use only the Chinese language here, and we rename Uyghur children with Chinese names in the case of those who have no family records,” she said.
She said the orphanage was home to around 400 children, most of whom were Han Chinese.
“Most of them are mentally challenged. There are many Han Chinese children,” she said. “We have only a few Uyghur children.”
Social crisis
Chinese curbs on the traditional Muslim culture of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region are creating a social crisis among Uyghur youth, according to experts and Uyghurs at home and overseas.
According to exiled Uyghur businesswoman Rebiya Kadeer, for many years the Uyghur people were able to preserve their identity and way of life under Chinese rule, which began after the demise of a short-lived East Turkestan republic in the late 1930s and 40s.
But she has accused Beijing of “brainwashing” Uyghur youth by forcing them to adopt Han Chinese ways, mostly through the education system and other institutional means.
Children well looked afterAn office director at the orphanage surnamed Xu said the children at the orphanage ranged from infants to 20-year-olds, with some of them “mentally challenged.”
“We only have a few Uyghur children here, and they speak their own language among themselves,” Xu said. “But in general, everyone uses the Chinese language here.”
“You are asking very sensitive questions. For more detailed questions you should ask higher level officials,” he added.
The officials said the children were well looked after and healthy, which was confirmed by former teacher Amangul.
“They were brought to this institute from different parts of Urumchi city,” said Amangul, who said she was disciplined with night-shift and mental-health related assignments for protesting the name changes.
“Yes, they are very healthy. Most of their parents are in jail for political offenses,” she said.
Children were also frequently transferred to foster homes in the rest of China, where they lived in a Han Chinese environment, and were fed pork and dog meat as part of their diet, she said. Both meats are forbidden to Muslims.
Those who protested were severely punished, Amangul added, who said Arzigul, 10, was disciplined for refusing to eat the food served to her.
“After she came back she was criticized, not allowed to talk to the other Uyghur children or Uyghur teachers, forced her to use her Chinese name Li Li, punished without food, and put in solitary confinement for two days,” Amangul said.
The female orphanage employee also confirmed that it was possible for Uyghur children to be fostered by Han Chinese families.
Muslim cook
Meanwhile, Amangul said the orphanage had once paid a Muslim to cook for the Uyghur children, but had later served only Han Chinese-style food, which contains forbidden meats such as pork.
“There are seven cooks. All of them are Chinese. When I started working here in 1998, there was one Chinese Hui [Muslim minority]. After he left, they didn’t hire any more Muslims to replace him,” Amangul said.
She said her husband, Mutallip, also a member of staff at the orphanage, was punished for suggesting separate dining halls for Muslims and Han Chinese.
“I opposed changing Uyghur names to Chinese, and I was petitioning to establish a Muslim dining hall and bring in a Muslim cook,” Mutallip said.
“They said that my Uyghur nationalistic feeling was too strong, and sent me to work in the furnace room for hard labor from October 2001 to April 2002."
Mutallip, who is a university graduate, said he also had to work for six weeks in the kitchen.
He added that Amangul was allocated the night-shift and work with mentally ill children, for which she was untrained, for expressing sympathy for Arzigul.
Curbs on religion
Uyghurs constitute a distinct, Turkic-speaking, Muslim people living in northwestern China and Central Asia.
China has accused Uyghur separatists of fomenting unrest in Xinjiang, particularly in the run-up to and during the Beijing Olympics in August last year when a wave of violence hit the vast desert region. The violence prompted a crackdown in which the government says 1,295 people were detained for state security crimes.
Many Uyghurs resent Chinese rule in the region, and they, along with rights groups and Western analysts, accuse Chinese authorities of taking heavy-handed aim at their unique ethnic identity, notably by suppressing Islam and mores associated with it such as beards worn by men and headscarves by women.
In its 2008 annual report, the U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) described the regional government in Xinjiang as "[maintaining] the harshest legal restrictions on children's right to practice religion."
"Regionwide legal measures forbid parents and guardians from allowing minors to engage in religious activity," the report said.
"Local governments continued to implement restrictions on children's freedom of religion, taking steps including monitoring students' eating habits during Ramadan and strengthening education in atheism, as part of broader controls over religion implemented in the past year."
Original reporting by Mihray for RFA’s Uyghur service. Director: Dolkun Kamberi. Written for the Web in English by Luisetta Mudie. Edited by Sarah Jackson-Han.
Copyright © 1998-2009 Radio Free Asia. All rights reserved.
http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/orphans-05222009142223.html
2009-05-22
They're well cared for, staff say, but ethnic Uyghur children are required to assume Chinese identities in a Xinjiang orphanage.
AFP
Uyghur children sit inside the barred window of their home in Xinjiang, Aug. 18, 2000.
HONG KONG—Children belonging to the ethnic Uyghur minority at an orphanage in northwestern China routinely undergo changes of identity in which they assume Chinese names, according to current and former employees.
“When I started working in this institution in 1998, there were about 30 Uyghur children,” Amangul, a former teacher at the Urumchi Welfare Institution for Abandoned Children, said.
“At least 10 of their names and file details were all changed to Chinese,” she added.
She said a Uyghur boy of 10 had his name changed from Turghunjun, denoting his Muslim, Turkic ethnicity, to Wang Bin, a Han Chinese name.
We use only the Chinese language here, and we rename Uyghur children with Chinese names in the case of those who have no family records."
Orphanage worker
A seven-year-old called Alim had his name changed to Xin Xia, while Arzigul, 10, was forced to answer to Li Li.
“There is a record in the archives that shows where they came from,” Amangul said. “The surname represents which province the child is from, while the given name represents which region the child is from.”
An employee who answered the phone at the orphanage confirmed Amangul’s account.
“We use only the Chinese language here, and we rename Uyghur children with Chinese names in the case of those who have no family records,” she said.
She said the orphanage was home to around 400 children, most of whom were Han Chinese.
“Most of them are mentally challenged. There are many Han Chinese children,” she said. “We have only a few Uyghur children.”
Social crisis
Chinese curbs on the traditional Muslim culture of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region are creating a social crisis among Uyghur youth, according to experts and Uyghurs at home and overseas.
According to exiled Uyghur businesswoman Rebiya Kadeer, for many years the Uyghur people were able to preserve their identity and way of life under Chinese rule, which began after the demise of a short-lived East Turkestan republic in the late 1930s and 40s.
But she has accused Beijing of “brainwashing” Uyghur youth by forcing them to adopt Han Chinese ways, mostly through the education system and other institutional means.
Children well looked afterAn office director at the orphanage surnamed Xu said the children at the orphanage ranged from infants to 20-year-olds, with some of them “mentally challenged.”
“We only have a few Uyghur children here, and they speak their own language among themselves,” Xu said. “But in general, everyone uses the Chinese language here.”
“You are asking very sensitive questions. For more detailed questions you should ask higher level officials,” he added.
The officials said the children were well looked after and healthy, which was confirmed by former teacher Amangul.
“They were brought to this institute from different parts of Urumchi city,” said Amangul, who said she was disciplined with night-shift and mental-health related assignments for protesting the name changes.
“Yes, they are very healthy. Most of their parents are in jail for political offenses,” she said.
Children were also frequently transferred to foster homes in the rest of China, where they lived in a Han Chinese environment, and were fed pork and dog meat as part of their diet, she said. Both meats are forbidden to Muslims.
Those who protested were severely punished, Amangul added, who said Arzigul, 10, was disciplined for refusing to eat the food served to her.
“After she came back she was criticized, not allowed to talk to the other Uyghur children or Uyghur teachers, forced her to use her Chinese name Li Li, punished without food, and put in solitary confinement for two days,” Amangul said.
The female orphanage employee also confirmed that it was possible for Uyghur children to be fostered by Han Chinese families.
Muslim cook
Meanwhile, Amangul said the orphanage had once paid a Muslim to cook for the Uyghur children, but had later served only Han Chinese-style food, which contains forbidden meats such as pork.
“There are seven cooks. All of them are Chinese. When I started working here in 1998, there was one Chinese Hui [Muslim minority]. After he left, they didn’t hire any more Muslims to replace him,” Amangul said.
She said her husband, Mutallip, also a member of staff at the orphanage, was punished for suggesting separate dining halls for Muslims and Han Chinese.
“I opposed changing Uyghur names to Chinese, and I was petitioning to establish a Muslim dining hall and bring in a Muslim cook,” Mutallip said.
“They said that my Uyghur nationalistic feeling was too strong, and sent me to work in the furnace room for hard labor from October 2001 to April 2002."
Mutallip, who is a university graduate, said he also had to work for six weeks in the kitchen.
He added that Amangul was allocated the night-shift and work with mentally ill children, for which she was untrained, for expressing sympathy for Arzigul.
Curbs on religion
Uyghurs constitute a distinct, Turkic-speaking, Muslim people living in northwestern China and Central Asia.
China has accused Uyghur separatists of fomenting unrest in Xinjiang, particularly in the run-up to and during the Beijing Olympics in August last year when a wave of violence hit the vast desert region. The violence prompted a crackdown in which the government says 1,295 people were detained for state security crimes.
Many Uyghurs resent Chinese rule in the region, and they, along with rights groups and Western analysts, accuse Chinese authorities of taking heavy-handed aim at their unique ethnic identity, notably by suppressing Islam and mores associated with it such as beards worn by men and headscarves by women.
In its 2008 annual report, the U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) described the regional government in Xinjiang as "[maintaining] the harshest legal restrictions on children's right to practice religion."
"Regionwide legal measures forbid parents and guardians from allowing minors to engage in religious activity," the report said.
"Local governments continued to implement restrictions on children's freedom of religion, taking steps including monitoring students' eating habits during Ramadan and strengthening education in atheism, as part of broader controls over religion implemented in the past year."
Original reporting by Mihray for RFA’s Uyghur service. Director: Dolkun Kamberi. Written for the Web in English by Luisetta Mudie. Edited by Sarah Jackson-Han.
Copyright © 1998-2009 Radio Free Asia. All rights reserved.
http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/orphans-05222009142223.html
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